Those who want a shitstorm rely on clumsy role clichés
It’s a field rife with pitfalls: gender marketing promises higher sales, but is turning into a balancing act. As the line between female and male role models becomes increasingly blurred—and the market increasingly transparent—a social media backlash is never far off. Opportunities are only available to those who look deep into the customer’s psyche, communicate in a gender-neutral way, and act with great sensitivity.

They are young, highly qualified and ambitious. But Fanny Chollet, Danuta Cichocka and Andrea Ablasser are making headlines for a different reason: they are conquering male domains. Lieutenant Chollet, for example, graces the front pages as the first female fighter jet pilot in the Swiss Army. Dr. Cichocka, co-founder and CEO of Resistell received the first prize awarded by the Swiss MNT Network for the best nanotechnology startup. And EPFL professor Ablasser was awarded the 2018 National Latsis Prize for her research on innate immunity. Women with gender-atypical career paths are rare. So rare, in fact, that the Swiss National Science Foundation, which funds scientific research in strategically important areas, believes it is a must to support them in the workforce. The same is true for education and upbringing, where identities are shaped and life models are designed. One reason why gender inequalities persist so stubbornly is to be found there. Another lies in the economy. In the consumer goods sector in particular, age-old role models and patterns of upbringing are cultivated - with gender marketing.
This special discipline, imported from the New World, is based on a marketing approach oriented to sex (gender). Unlike LGBT marketing, which addresses lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender target groups, the world of gender marketing is divided into only two: Consumers are female or male. The dual view is confirmed by neurobiologists and brain researchers. They recognized that different hormone concentrations are the reason why brain types are already polarized in the womb to the empathic-feminine or systematizing-masculine type. In the 2004 book "Different from Day One," Simon Baron-Cohen summarizes significant experiments - a must-read for managers who rely on gender marketing. "I'm a fan of the British psychologist," says Anja Peter, CEO of the Human Empowerment Center AG. This book shows people once again clearly that the fundamentally different information, communication and purchasing behavior of women and men is not a matter of hearsay, but of facts that have been proven many times over (see interview). But they also have to be interpreted correctly for gender marketing to work. This is difficult in Switzerland, where it is predominantly men who decide on goals and strategies and thus give direction to the operational level, which is staffed by women.
Apart from biologically determined necessities, there are hardly any convincing reasons for offering products and services on a gender-specific basis. The fact that gender marketing is nevertheless enjoying increasing popularity is due to the fact that it is all too often understood as a solution to market-related problems. It only superficially doubles the target group and is therefore not suitable for compensating for product policy omissions or a lack of unique selling points. Intensive market research is needed to determine whether and to what extent the needs, desires and behaviors of consumers diverge. Only then can it be decided whether it is worth modifying a product and how it should be designed. For example, the IXO cordless screwdriver from Bosch, which was designed for women and is small, light and easy to use, also became a sales hit for men. Success stories like these are rare and show that gender marketing that is well thought out and finely tuned to the target group can work. However, it seems to be more the exception than the rule. Often there is a lack of deeper insight into customer needs, so the supposed way out leads straight into the dilemma. Because today, market transparency is so high that attempts to double the sales of one and the same product solely through gender-typical product and packaging designs or - even worse - through advertising with stereotypical role images neither go unnoticed nor unpunished. Then many a manufacturer and retailer experimenting with gender marketing suffers the "shitstorm" in social media. Which also explains why a statement on this topic is rather dispensed with
Gender marketing is treacherous and also runs counter to market reality, in which around 85 percent of women now decide the consumer budget. If advertising is discriminatory or sexist, they criticize it most harshly. Agencies are also accused of not understanding the needs of the female target group: "Advertising simplifies the medically extremely complex question of a person's gender and leaves only two possibilities: Man or woman, girl or boy," explains author and director Sascha Verlan, "thus creating a binary and dichotomy that does not exist in real life." These only two genders would also be assigned very stereotypical characteristics, abilities and interests: Women would be reduced to household, grooming and beauty; for the "household-inexperienced" men, alcohol, meat, adventure and technology would be on offer. "If a company wants to appeal to people in their diversity, these two pigeonholes are certainly too narrow," he stresses. And explains how the vicious cycle of gender marketing plays out: "Products are designed and produced in two variants, light blue and pink. Advertising responds to this and markets them accordingly. The norms for female and male role models are narrowing, and at the same time the social pressure to conform to these new, narrowed norms is increasing. It's getting harder and harder to break gender norms, freedom of choice is shrinking." Finally, the idea that women and men, boys and girls, have fundamentally different interests, abilities and characteristics becomes entrenched, which in turn leads companies to offer products in two varieties, he said. "In this way, a self-reinforcing process has been set in motion that we can only stop again with a great deal of educational work and a sense of responsibility.
Verlan also knows why many gender marketing campaigns fail: "They are simply too heavy-handed. That's when public resistance quickly arises." But that doesn't change the fact that the entire industry has been reproducing over and over again for more than ten years what boys should be like and what girls should like. "We adults can guard against this with a lot of awareness, but it's simply impossible for children, because they don't question the world, but have to learn to find their way in this society with its complex rules," he complains. "They take the marketing industry's offers for granted." For this reason, he wrote the book "The Pink-Light Blue Trap" together with Almut Schnerring. And since 2016, the pair of authors has also been waving the "Golden Fencepost for Absurd Gender Marketing." The negative prize exposes the limiting messages, outdated role specifications and underestimated impact mechanisms that emanate from product design and advertising - and reminds the marketing industry of its social responsibility. It is in the nature of things that it ensures great media resonance for winners and nominees. Whether printed, blogged, or liked, outraged comments pop up for a long time and damage the brand image. Meanwhile, anyone searching for "gendered products" can literally watch the negative list of articles for homesteaders and real guys grow. When it comes to princesses and craftsmen, tempers flare in particular. In addition to toys such as Barbie or Jako-o, Swiss brands such as Nestlé's Smarties or the children's sachet soups from the Migros brand Bon Chef can also be found there - in blue for boys and pink for girls.
Verlan and Schnerring also point out in the blog "www.ich-mach-mir-die-welt.de" the limiting consequences of "always seeing only girls in the play kitchens in almost all catalogs, while the boys take a turn building and constructing, playing pirate or trying out a cool vehicle." That changes the worldview of both, he says. "And then later we want fathers and partners who are equally involved in family work, but deny boys playful access early on." The criticism is supported by quite another side. For example, the authors of the current Kantar Millward Brown study, "AdReaction: Getting Gender Right," state that women are not appropriately portrayed in advertising and are therefore not emotionally engaged. This reduces the effectiveness of many advertising formats and campaigns. But the wasted potential could also have deeper causes. "As long as market research deals with relative majorities and then derives trends and desires of the target audience from them, it will remain difficult with the individual address and the appropriate offer, because not only individual, but the majority is not recorded at all," says Verlan. For example, children were once asked what color their favorite car should be. "Just under 30 percent of the girls answered red and a good 30 percent of the boys answered black, which means that the majority of boys and girls prefer other colors. The wishes overall are colorful.
Even if there are only two colors on the market: Things are happening in the experimental field of gender marketing. After initial attempts by the nominated companies to ignore the hint with the fence post, some have sought dialog in the second year, says Verlan. "But we're also invited by companies that don't just deal with our criticism superficially," he explains. That's where good conversations have developed, he says, "and it becomes clear that there are different attitudes within the teams as well." More and more companies are realizing that mixed teams are better at recognizing the pitfalls in gender marketing. And some are getting it right after the first faux pas, such as Stabilo: After the sexy "Neon" marker met with protest, the advertising now pays tribute to three forgotten female scientists from history. The Mercedes-Benz spot, which shows Bertha Benz on her pioneering journey, also appears authentic and credible. Gender-neutral evasive maneuvers of this kind lose their impact, however, when the trend swings into the opposite direction. For example, the British luxury department store Selfridges has just proclaimed the "genderless shopping" age, which futurologists also point to. Verlan has not yet been able to observe such an "agender" trend, but marketing without a discussion of roles would be desirable. "To achieve this, we first have to understand how and why gender marketing works and what the psycho-social consequences are," he says, "and then we'd all have to decide whether the messages we're giving children are really good ones." Not only ladies conquering male domains are likely to answer his follow-up question in the negative: "Is it really helpful to let children play in these clichéd worlds?"




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