Following massive criticism in recent months, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has announced that the online network will focus more on protecting privacy. "I believe that in the future, communication will increasingly shift to confidential, encrypted services where people can trust that what they share with each other will remain secure," Zuckerberg wrote on Wednesday. Facebook wants to work towards this future.
The world's largest online network was sharply criticized for its handling of user data, particularly after the Cambridge Analytica data scandal broke out. "I understand that many people don't believe that Facebook would or wanted to build such a privacy-focused platform," Zuckerberg admitted. The online network does not have a reputation for developing privacy-focused services.
Wednesday's announcement actually represents a categorical rethink compared to Zuckerberg's attitude in the early years of Facebook. Back then, the Facebook founder explained that the trend was for people to make more and more of themselves public. Facebook had repeatedly come into conflict with data protection and regulatory authorities when the company tested the limits of privacy.
Zuckerberg has now announced that more of the Group's services will be fully encrypted along the lines of the WhatsApp chat service. With end-to-end encryption, the content of a conversation can only be viewed by the sender and recipient. It prevents others - "including us - from seeing what people share in our services", Zuckerberg also wrote. Other services such as video chats, e-commerce offers and payment services would be built on this secure basis. Zuckerberg predicted that in a few years, WhatsApp and the Group's second chat service, Facebook Messenger, will become the central way in which people communicate on the platform.
It remains unclear what the new course will mean for Facebook's business model. The online network currently relies on knowing as much as possible about the interests, views, plans and circumstances of its users in order to be able to provide targeted advertising. However, if end-to-end encryption is implemented consistently, Facebook would also not have access to user content.
In his Facebook entry, Zuckerberg did not respond to an interview with the New York Times he signaled that Facebook could find new ideas for making money. "There are lots of business opportunities, especially in developing countries. More private tools can be developed around where people are," he said. Speaking to the magazine Wired he conceded that the ad platform is less efficient with a reduced data supply. But there are also models, for example, in which companies pay money for better interactions with customers in messenger services.
Widespread use of end-to-end encryption on the Facebook platform could also exacerbate the problem of the spread of misinformation and illegal content. This is because even Facebook's teams that review and delete posts would not have access to them. Private WhatsApp groups have already been used for smear campaigns in India and Myanmar, among other countries. Zuckerberg wrote that Facebook is working on identifying accounts with malicious intentions even without access to the content, for example through behavioral patterns.
Zuckerberg also emphasized that Facebook has made the decision not to build data centers in countries that violate human rights or restrict freedom of expression. This could mean that Facebook's services are blocked in some countries and that the company will not be able to open up some others in the foreseeable future. Among other things, this statement is likely to put an entry into the Chinese market, which has been repeatedly speculated about in recent years, off the table again.
The passage on China can also be seen as a dig at Apple CEO Tim Cook. Cook has been emphasizing for years that Apple's products and services are particularly geared towards protecting customer privacy and most recently presented himself as a critic of Facebook, where "the users are the product" that is sold to the advertising industry. At the same time, Apple has been criticized for storing Chinese users' data and crypto keys in China in accordance with local laws. Apple explains that this does not weaken data protection.
Zuckerberg also included the intention to bring WhatsApp, Messenger and Instagram's chat function onto a common technical infrastructure in this new crypto vision. The plan is for users to be able to send messages to their contacts across the boundaries of individual services, with SMS messages to be added at a later date. Users will also be able to keep the individual services separate. The plan offers advantages in terms of data protection and security, argued the Facebook boss. For example, if it replaces SMS, which is basically unencrypted. However, the integration of SMS and Facebook Messenger is only possible on Android smartphones, as Apple does not allow the integration of SMS into external apps, criticized Zuckerberg.
Another aspect of the plan is that user data on Facebook could be automatically deleted after a certain period of time. "This would reduce the risk of messages resurfacing later and embarrassing you," wrote Zuckerberg. Automatic deletion could also be switched off - or even set to a few minutes for some content. Facebook had already copied the "Stories" function from its (in-house) rival Snapchat, which allows users to share their content with friends for just one day.
In the Cambridge Analytica case, which put Facebook under massive pressure, data from Facebook users was illegally passed on to a data analysis company by the developer of a survey app over five years ago. Facebook had known about this since the end of 2016, but was content with assurances that the data had been destroyed and did not inform users. (SDA)