The Adobe Story or: What you see is what you get
Publishing The acquisition of Macromedia is the crowning achievement of Adobe's success story so far.
Publishing The acquisition of Macromedia is the crowning achievement of Adobe's success story so far.
Once upon a time, long, long ago in
a distant country. There were designated by a company
Scientists at a specially created research center
brought together and tasked with taking care of the future handling
to take care with the information. More precisely: you should use the "architecture
of information" develop, explore or define. Already at that time
it was probably foreseeable that information processing in the future
would play a large and central role.
And so, now a little more precisely, on July 1, 1970, the "Xerox Palo
Alto Research Center" - Parc for short - opened. The scientists
in Palo Alto, California (the city that gave its name to the
Research Center) to begin their work or assignment. A
first result of the research efforts at the Parc was laser printing.
Specifically, the possibility was created of using laser
to expose light-sensitive drums to which toner is transferred
which in turn can be applied to a printing stock.
This also explains the first part of the center's name: The
company Xerox has since further developed this technology and
perfected; but that is another story - and shall be a
be told another time.
Birthplace of the DTP
In 1973, the computer "Alto" was completed at the Parc - and gradually and
the basis of modern operating systems: a graphical interface with the
(GUI) including windows, pull-down menus; everything controllable by a
computer mouse, which, however, is used as an "X-Y position indicator for a
screen system" had already been invented from the outset. One year later
a technology was developed that is particularly suitable for the
typesetting and the printing industry, respectively, later had major consequences
should have: Wysiwyg - the abbreviation for What you see is what you get
- at that time enabled the display of writings, images and
Graphics in a quality that (according to today's standards only
approximately) corresponded to the expression. An enumeration of further
Innovations are to be dispensed with here; they are available at www.parc.com
to read.
Two Parc scientists, John Warnock and Chuck Geschke,
worked there on an interpretative page description language.
Because the development at the Parc seems to them sometimes too slow
they left the Parc and at the end of 1982 founded the
Adobe company (named after a stream).
From PostScript to Flash
The Adobe success story then begins with the
PostScript page description language. It enables the
High-resolution output of documents on compatible printers and
later also on film imagesetters. For text-image integration, the
Compilation of images, graphics and from text to pages came the
PageMaker application developed by Aldus founder Paul Brainerd in 1985.
was used. This layout application made it possible for the first time to use images, graphics and text
without appropriate photosetting and image processing systems to
produce.
Around PostScript, Adobe built a successful business model by making the
Company sells the technology to manufacturers of imagesetters and rip (the
are the workstations required to convert PostScript
into output signals). Quasi in return Adobe bought from the
Typeface manufacturer Linotype know-how and technology to create
high-quality (PostScript) fonts. So it was then in 1985 for the first time
possible, in the DTP process, so the modern text-image integration
since then called to expose produced pages on film, which at the time was
as an intermediate step for the production of printing plates for the
offset printing was necessary. Film is still used today when
also its importance through direct imaging of the printing plate (CtP).
has decreased.
Growth through acquisitions
However, the licensing of PostScript and the distribution of fonts
were just the beginning. Other important milestones of the
Software Group were the development of important applications for the
DTP, the vector graphics tool Illustrator (1987) and
image editing program Photoshop (1990). In 1991 came Premiere, a
Video editing software added.
Adobe subsequently expanded its product portfolio primarily through
acquisitions in order to offer increasingly complex and comprehensive solutions.
for publishing. Thus, in 1994, Aldus (and thus
PageMaker), 1995 Frame Technology (and thus FrameMaker), 1999 GoLive
(and with it the web publishing software of the same name) as well as the
perhaps somewhat lesser-known company in the graphic arts world
Fotiva (image management), Accelio (server-based solutions for the
Production of electronic forms and for processing the
form content) and Yellow Dragon (XML specialist).
Developers of key technologies
In addition to the strategically important development for Adobe to this day of
PostScript, the company has created other technologies
or has initiated or is involved in the development of such
technologies involved. The best known here is the document format
PDF, which was primarily intended to allow digital documents to be
cross-platform and true to the original. This
led to a general flexibility in the handling of digital
documents. Meanwhile, the PDF format is also used to transmit
print templates are used (here increasingly in the form of so-called
PDF-X documents).
In addition, PDF technology is increasingly establishing itself
as an important element for the processing and/or documentation of
Business processes.
An important element in this context are the electronic
forms and the interactivity they allow. In this way
paper-based processes into the automated processes of the
Integrate enterprise software (from SAP, Oracle, IBM, etc.). In
In conjunction with special server solutions, PDF documents can thus be
further access authorizations stored, "expiration dates" defined,
functions are enabled in it (for the authorized recipient)
and the like. Adobe speaks in this context of so
document life cycles. Here too
Adobe only expanded its portfolio in mid-January of this year with the
Acquisition of the FileLine product supplemented. With the DRM solution (Digital
Rights Management) FileLine, Adobe can extend the capabilities of its Adobe
LiveCycle Policy Server, which enables you to extend business-critical
Documents in PDF, Microsoft Office or CAD format by assigning
Rights protected.
In addition to Heidelberger Druckmaschinen, MAN Roland, and Agfa, Adobe is
Co-initiator of the so-called networked production, a process that is
approach developed by the printing industry, which has as its goal the
Computer-assisted production (CIM) also in the graphic arts industry
pursued. As a member of the CIP4 consortium, which is responsible for the
Adobe is helping to ensure that today's
and in the future network processes in the handling of printed matter
which leads to optimized production.
Also what the integration of vector graphics in web publishing programs
for displaying these graphics in the web browser (which then
for example, also static city maps can be displayed enlarged),
Adobe is active. This is about the SVG format (Scalable Vector
Graphics), which uses XML technology to describe graphical,
of two-dimensional objects. The responsibility over SVG lies
However, here too, not at Adobe itself, but at the independent
W3 consortium, which defines the web standards and their development
drives.
Macromedia brings in more technologies and products
With the acquisition completed at the end of last year of the
software company Macromedia, Adobe has acquired additional technologies and
products incorporated.
Macromedia, founded in 1992, has also grown through acquisitions to become a
leading software provider in the publishing environment. Thus, the
well-known software Freehand - the competitor product to Adobe's
Illustrator - added to the portfolio through acquisition of Altsys.
By the way, Altsys and Macromedia were the initiators of the so-called
EPS format, which allows the integration of vector graphics into layout documents.
made possible in the first place. Thus, Macromedia has also set important standards in the
publishing environment. Altsys has developed the
Furthermore, the vector graphics program Freehand was developed, which was later
Aldus was acquired. After the acquisition of Aldus by Adobe went
Freehand to Macromedia for antitrust reasons, however - with the
However, Adobe does not have to give up any of its products as a result of the current acquisition.
Flash, probably the best known format from Macromedia along with its
developer environment of the same name, was "only" developed by Macromedia
developed further; the foundations were laid by the company FutureWave,
which was swallowed up by Macromedia just over ten years ago.
The same applies to
the ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML) and the
product ColdFusion, which greatly facilitates the development of complex websites.
simplified: it was not until the acquisition of Allaire Corp. that both CFML and
also brought ColdFusion under the Macromedia umbrella.
What are the benefits of the acquisition?
The acquisition of Macromedia is for the two themselves also through
companies that have grown through acquisitions are likely to have a positive
Matter. Adobe can help with the additional products as well as
other key technologies to extend the reach of its solutions.
Adobe has now also gained access to a new product developed only in the third quarter of 2005 by
Macromedia initiated and now called "Adobe Lab".
Platform. The "lab" accessible at http:/labs.adobe.com/ provides
developers and customers products and technologies to ensure that the
Company from knowledge gained therefrom and from corresponding
Develop feedback technically consistent and homogeneous applications
can. For example, Adobe Lab has been working for a few weeks on a beta version of a
Adobe Lightroom" is a new product that will be available in the near future.
application developed specifically for the needs of photographers,
with which the acquisition, management, processing and issuance of
(slideshow and print) of digital images can be done efficiently.
Whether and in what form and under what name the there presented
application is launched on the market, however, the Adobe Lab
presented products and technologies are still completely open.
Presumably, this platform will also be used in the future for a currently in
universal client" under development, which will combine the two
technologies PDF and Flash (together with HTML, the basic language of the
Internet) should be summarized in some form.
Soon alone on the open road?
Due to the many acquisitions, Adobe is slowly running out of competitors in the
publishing environment. The risk of the new, since December still
larger company Adobe is now that the group has its
could expand its dominant position even further and thus help other
companies and products no longer have any opportunities. If even the in
packages recently put together by Adobe such as the "Creative Suite", the
brand new "Design Bundle" (equivalent to Creative Suite Premium plus
Flash), the "Web Bundle" (corresponds to Creative Suite Premium plus the
Macromedia applications Dreamweaver, Flash Professional, Fireworks, Contribute
and FlashPaper) or the soon available "Video Bundle" (content
not yet defined) ideal, extremely efficient and overall
seen are inexpensive packages, so make these bundles additionally
It is clear how difficult it will be in the future for other suppliers to meet the
Adobe giants still stand up to the competition.
It remains to be seen how Apple, Quark, and Microsoft will do with Adobe
beat. The mentioned software Adobe Lightroom is in direct
Competition to the recently launched Apple application Aperture.
It can be assumed that the two companies will continue to cooperate in the future.
compete more strongly - with Adobe having the advantage of being able to
on both platforms (Win/Mac). Quark stands in the
XPress 7 and wants to recapture market share that had been lost to the
Companies lost to InDesign and Creative Suite respectively
have gone. It will be exciting when Microsoft launches its operating system
Vista on the market: Above all, the new products codenamed Metro
developed, XML-based page description language is a
Frontal attack on Adobe's PDF format.
In the professional publishing sector - with the exception of the
Page Layout segment - leads after Macromedia acquisition
Adobe there is now no way around it. Seen in this light, the acquisition makes sense for
Adobe makes much more sense than it might seem at first glance.
lets.
Jürgen Franck
