The interview was conducted between Stefanie Kägi, author of the master's thesis "Der Werberaum der Stadt Zürich: Eine Analyse der Akteure, Regeln und Macht" and Christian Hänggi, board member of IG Plakat | Raum | Gesellschaft: The most important players are APG, Clear Channel, some smaller poster companies and the City of Zurich. The only civil society player that makes a public appearance is IG Plakat | Raum | Gesellschaft. Stefanie Kägi describes the City of Zurich as the most powerful player, as the Department of Buildings can refuse permission for new poster sites. However, the city only earns money from posters that are placed on public land. It has no income whatsoever from the 6,000 or so posters on private land, which shine into the public space and can only develop their advertising impact thanks to it. According to Hans Imesch and Christian Hänggi, a usage fee should be considered here. The distinction between public and private property has become largely obsolete and should give way to a new term that does justice to the field of perception of passers-by.
Cities without outdoor advertising
There are cities that do not allow outdoor advertising. According to Christian Hänggi, this is often due to one of two reasons. Either the city administration gives up in exasperation because it cannot cope with the uncontrolled growth or because it cannot gain the necessary respect from the private sector. This is the case in São Paulo, for example. Similar signs can be observed in Geneva. On the other hand, as in the case of Bergen in Norway, resistance to the privatization of public space by international corporations can also come from below, for example from a politically engaged art scene. The Swiss Heritage Society also took up the fight against billposting in its founding years.
Co-determination in the design of public spaces
For Stefanie Kägi, action is needed in four areas if participation in the design of public space is to take on a more democratic form. Firstly, the business of public space must become transparent and comply with the public principle. Today, billboard contracts are kept under lock and key and both the city and market players are stingy with information. Secondly, better access to advertising space must be guaranteed. This is partly the case today with free posters for cultural causes. All other poster formats can only be booked by larger companies due to the financial hurdles, and, as Kyros Kikos from the Rote Fabrik concept office pointed out, wild posters are punished with severe fines. Thirdly, the poster medium must not only provide information, but also create an opportunity for communication, i.e. encourage dialog about the use of public space. Stefanie Kägi is thinking, for example, of white spaces that can be written on and painted on by everyone. Fourthly, she sees a need for all stakeholders, the administration, civil society and the market society to enter into a dialog with each other.
However, all those involved doubt that such a dialog is possible. Bernard Liechti, current head of the Office for Billboards, did not take part in the discussion as it is not his job to make policy. Beat Holenstein accuses IG PRG of not wanting any billboard advertising in the city and canton of Zurich, which makes dialog impossible. Christian Hänggi, on the other hand, says that the market society is striving for far-reaching deregulation and a free market economy that aims to maximize profits and refuses to allow civil society to participate.