Advertising Week: Does it make sense that everything sounds today, Mr. Weiss?
Peter Philippe Weiss: We have to differentiate between acoustic pollution and functional sounds. I understand acoustic pollution to be sounds that are there but that nobody needs or wants and that are simply annoying - especially in public spaces that should actually be protected from noise. Functional sounds are developed specifically for a function and are useful, for example as feedback or alarm sounds. Students on the "Sound Studies" Master's course at Berlin University of the Arts have analyzed the sounds in an operating theatre. They found that an operating theater is a very noisy place to work, bad for the patient and the doctors: plate walls reflect every sound many times over, metal cutlery is thrown onto metal tables, a battery of devices beeps wildly and this beeping is disproportionate to the importance of the devices. The students suggested sloping the operating room walls a little so that there would be no fluttering reverberations and placing rubber mats on the tables to prevent everything from rattling around. They also came up with a proposal on how to organize the sounds of the equipment hierarchically and how to add associative noises and metaphors to some of them, for example the heart machine with a noise that sounds like the beating of a heart. The aim was to create sounds that are meaningful and pleasant. Functional sounds have long been an issue, but not at the design level. That's why most devices just make a "beep", the dumbest possible sound a machine can make. These sounds are neither typographically designed nor do they convey the company's values.
Aren't shrill sounds necessary for alarm sounds to attract the desired attention?
Unfortunately, we are currently surrounded by the most primitive sine tones, which is not necessary. Apparently, companies are not even aware that sounds are a level that can be shaped and are ideal as a means of communication and for branding. A sound can say "attention" without being unpleasant. For example, we have composed alarm tones from ceramic sounds for Duravit's high-quality designer saunas. These sounds, which pick up on Duravit's materiality, do not hurt the ear, but still fulfill their purpose.
Which sounds do you think are superfluous?
Difficult to say. In many areas, it would simply make sense to reduce the volume. In architecture, too much attention is paid to the look and materials, while the acoustic dimension is often completely ignored. The best example of this is the new Berlin Central Station, which is an absolute acoustic disaster. Lots of smooth materials, marble, glass and steel were used, everything echoes and rattles, you can hear train noises everywhere. And the dome is constructed in such a way that it intensifies the sound like a parabolic mirror. It can really happen that you don't hear your announcement on the platform, but the announcement from four floors below blows in your face as if you were standing directly in front of the loudspeaker.
Smartphones can play back sound in MP3 quality. Nevertheless, ringtones and signal tones always have an artificial character and are similar. You can't tell whether you're holding a Nokia, Siemens or Apple device.
I think certain sounds from Apple are very Apple. The SMS sound is alert and fresh, the guitar ringtone and the sonar sound are also well made and have character. Cell phone sounds need a certain penetrating power so that you can hear them when the cell phone rings in your jacket pocket. Apple's sounds work. But Apple is also moving into the mainstream: as an alternative to the ringtones mentioned, you can download songs to your cell phone. But I miss really beautifully designed, innovative ringtones that offer a new sound experience. An overarching sound identity is also missing: these sounds are familiar from Apple, but they don't stand for Apple. Apple should invest in a sound brand. There are moments when the brand could be perfectly communicated through sound, because sound is emotional and immediate. Think of telephone waiting loops, commercials or the stylish Apple Stores. They simply play music or nothing at all. This could create intense brand experiences. Incidentally, this applies not only to Apple, but also to other cell phone brands. If a company offers 20 ringtones, 2 or 3 can be a bit more daring, experimental and memorable. In a quiet environment, it would also be nice to have a ringtone that goes on and off gently and not just - tack - starts and - tack - is off again. Such aesthetics and different sounds would be desirable, a few abstract, original things, if you can already work with samples and MP3. I could well imagine small, fine, appealing clouds of sound. Sound doesn't have to be dry and pseudo-funny, some kind of laughter, squeaking or croaking. Sound can suddenly make a small cell phone big and full of character. And thus also the manufacturer's brand.
How would you like the iPad to sound?
The iPad is still a long way from what it could achieve in the area of sound for companies. Publishers want to create experiences, but they are still thinking in terms of "print". They don't yet realize that they suddenly have speakers. When I open a title's app, nothing happens in terms of sound. The app is silent. Then a short video of a fashion show comes on and - puff - I go from silent to the middle of a noisy event. Once the video is over, it is suddenly silent again. The acoustic side is not designed at all, although sound needs typography and an acoustic layout that works with different levels and is aware of the transitions. In the example, the sound could rise to the level of the movie and transition into the background at the end, without the movie taking longer to watch. These transitions can be designed, you can give the images their sound, depth and spatiality and thus bring the app to life.
Would you also give all the control buttons a sound?
That depends. You would have to find out from the user profile which feedback sounds are really important. Of course, it shouldn't be tedious. If you do a lot of actions, you usually don't want it to sound all the time. An exciting aspect, however, would be dynamic sound design. In this case, the sound that a page makes when it is turned, for example, depends on the speed of movement. This means that there is not always the same sound, which eventually gets on your nerves. I wouldn't generate an artificial sound for the page-turning, but would start from the real sound of the page-turning and thin out this sound a little so that it remains subtle. After all, we don't want to realize that we're holding a machine in our hands. Generally speaking, with an entertainment medium like the iPad, there's simply a difference between tapping on an icon and then just hearing nothing, and a beautifully crafted, subtle, acoustic signature of a company or magazine that heightens the excitement and is continued throughout the entire presentation. We recently created such a sound for the "Beobachter", initially only for a weekly web teaser. However, it will soon also be used for the app and telephone services.
So sounds can be used for brand management. What advice do you have for companies? Do brands have to make music?
Brands and companies do not have to make music, but since companies are already audibly present at many interfaces today, it makes sense to create an acoustic brand element, a recognition pattern. Sound gives brands invisible emotional power and creates added value at the acoustic points of contact. To do this, however, we need less music and more sound patterns, sounds and sound-music combinations. Anyone who creates a brand sound must approach the right result in a multi-stage branding process, must delve deep into the brand, must question the business in which the company operates, what it sounds like, whether it has its own sounds. This results in a sound world in which music can, but does not have to, play a role. Sound is a form of communication that is becoming increasingly exciting. If you work with it precisely, you can strengthen the core of your brand enormously. It's not quantity that matters, but the right sound in the right place: C'est le ton qui fais la musique.
Interview: Anne-Friederike Heinrich
www.corporate-sound.com