When it comes to online solutions in the local area, the Basel project is atypical in several respects: Tageswoche is also published as a print edition and is not limited to local events on the Rhine, but also covers current affairs at home and abroad. And above all, the generous funding from a patron of the arts remains an almost unattainable dream for other similar projects.
As in Basel, there is growing resentment in Central Switzerland against the monopoly situation of the dominant newspaper in Central Switzerland, the Neue Luzerner Zeitung. An initial attempt to change this situation came to nothing a year ago: the reactions to the initiative to found an IG Medienvielfalt association were "very mixed", reported initiator Beat Reichenbach, publisher of the wrestling newspaper Schlussgang. This summer, Zug-based entrepreneur Nick Mijnssen founded M. M. V. AG (Meinungen. Medien. Vielfalt) with share capital of 200,000 Swiss francs to launch a new online newspaper for Central Switzerland. He sees his involvement as start-up financing and does not want to be seen as a patron. He is aiming for a profitable business model with a broad-based sponsorship and an independent, professional editorial team. Preparatory work is currently underway and the launch is scheduled for next year - he told Werbewoche that there is nothing more to say at the moment.
Bern online media project
The Bernese Online Media (BOM) project has to make do without a generous benefactor. After one hundred people responded to an initial appeal and pledged to contribute 500 francs, the supporting association decided at the beginning of November to press ahead with the preparatory work and "probably" launch the still nameless newspaper next spring. The online newspaper will be supported by journalists, politicians and creative artists. Five to six journalists will share 300 full-time jobs and report "up-to-date and critically on Bern's local politics", but without "claiming to be complete". It is still unclear how the estimated annual budget of half a million francs will be financed.
Dedicated volunteer work
At the beginning of September, another local online project was launched in the canton of Fribourg, Fribourg Media, which takes the approach of dedicated volunteer work and is remarkable for this very reason. The reactions to the test phase were so positive that founder Sandro Jenny announced version 1.0, which will incorporate and implement a lot of user feedback. For example, it has been noticed that there is no demand for daily updates in advance, which is why the focus is now on the most important things and therefore "a lot of bells and whistles have been dispensed with in favor of an overview and a faster and more accessible website". Jenny estimates the reach potential for his project in the small German-speaking part of the canton of Fribourg at an average of around 15,000 unique users per month. However, Freiburg Media will "remain ad-free for quite some time". This is because developing the product is more important than earning money, which is only possible because everyone involved works on a voluntary basis in their free time. However, Jenny is realistic: "Of course it won't work in the long term." The projects in Basel, Bern, Fribourg and central Switzerland are the latest wave of such projects that want to get off to a flying start with local information on the Internet. The Basel journalist Peter Knechtli with onlinereports.ch, which has long since made a name for itself as a journalistic supplement to the dominant Basel newspaper, can be regarded as the real bedrock of local online services. He started in 1997 and after five years was able to switch from a part-time commitment to a full-time job. In the middle of the last decade, two other local pioneers got started who have since given up their projects. At the time, Werner Jud employed an editor-in-chief for linth24.ch along with a deputy and freelancers. In 2009, he pulled the plug and has since been offering a complete solution for online local newspapers, with which licensees for linth24.ch, glarus24.ch, fricktal24.ch, reuss24.ch, aare24.ch and vilan24.ch are on the move in the Bündner Herrschaft. In 2006, Stefan Millius and Marcel Baumgartner from the St. Gallen communications agency Wortwerk Medien Gmbh launched the appenzell24.ch site with the same naming concept, which was soon followed by stadt24.ch (with a focus on St. Gallen), thurgau24. ch and the nationwide platform polizeinews. ch followed. In the meantime, these sites have been sold several times and taken over by various new operators with different intentions. In addition, there are other locally oriented sites up and down the country, some of which are quite outdated and run by different groups, often from the business world. Established publishers have also made their first attempts in this area, such as the Aargauer Zeitung with its local search portal a-z.ch or 20 Minuten online with the local portal launched in 2009 and hardly developed any further since then.
It would be astonishing if the latest edition of local online projects in Switzerland could survive on the market on its own (i.e. without patrons). A look abroad shows that no viable business model has yet become widely accepted. This is despite the fact that for years there have been repeated attempts to profitably tap into the local advertising market, which is still largely untapped. It is remarkable that even in the USA, where many small local newspapers have gone out of business in recent years, there are no convincing and widespread flagship models. Take the Patch network, for example, which the Internet company AOL took over in 2009 and has since expanded to 840 hyperlocal blogs and employed a correspondingly large number of journalists. However, the flow of visitors (with 10 million unique users per month) is comparatively meagre and the advertising revenue is correspondingly meagre - and the investors are dissatisfied. This is because there are numerous obstacles to success in the media market on the doorstep, to which local founders must also find an answer:
Content, community and technology
Contents: Media consumers are primarily interested in the big issues, even online. News about the renovation of the sewage pipes in the neighboring district, reports about the senior citizens' outing and the opening of an exhibition by local artists of lesser means are hardly in demand as must-reads. What's more, fundamentally new distribution mechanisms for news are particularly well suited to the local area: Readers no longer go to the news (to the newspaper), but the news comes to the readers. This is done via social networks, where more and more people are informally sharing the latest facts and rumors from their immediate circle of life and interests. Anyone who plays in the local football club, for example, is well informed about what is happening in the regional league, even if only a few colleagues regularly report the latest stories and link to reports.
Community: Only the head is not enough, the heart is needed: only if you succeed in involving the audience and connecting them to a community on the web will success on the local web be within reach. There is a simple test for this: if articles trigger a lively exchange of ideas in the comments, the local website has arrived in the community and been accepted as a useful vehicle. However, this requires a fundamentally different understanding of the profession than that of many journalists and editors who are influenced by media that still see themselves primarily as one-way channels of communication. For example, the Basel-based Tageswoche has integrated contemporary dialog features into its online presence and it will be interesting to see whether and how the creators can use this to successfully build a community.
Technology: But even those who put their heart and soul into their work and can also appeal to an audience emotionally and bind them to a local website must offer a product that is up to date. And this is increasingly demanding: not only text is needed, but also images and videos. Data must be prepared as graphics or on interactive maps and news from all kinds of sources must be aggregated automatically. There needs to be a member area where users can network with each other. And, of course, a local website must not only be easily accessible via mobile devices, but also offer location-based services that are particularly interesting for advertising.
Performance models of the advertising networks
Advertising: In the future, the traditional online advertising business will also be characterized by user profiles in the local area, which allow for increasingly narrow geographical targeting. These profiles are collected in advance by industry heavyweights such as Google and Facebook, which are also under pressure from a number of start-ups, which in turn network with each other (see Werbewoche, September 23, 2011, p. 22 ff). If, for example, a car brand wants to invite people to test drives, it will not promote its contract garage owners with advertisements in the local media, but will book the corresponding reach via user profiles, which are then displayed on the connected sites depending on the situation. If a local website has joined such networks, it can benefit from such traffic, but is in competition with a large number of other sites through which its local audience can be reached more accurately. Anyone hoping to finance local websites one day with advertising revenue from local businesses will therefore have to fundamentally reorient themselves. Local businesses have hardly tapped into the web and online advertising yet, but the performance models of the advertising networks should make sense for the thrifty baker and the petty butcher, as they only have to pay for successful advertising and not for wastage. However, once businesses start to establish themselves online, they will unite their customers in social networks and address them directly there. Especially in the local area, such advertising messages are also information with news content.
This is why the baker and the butcher, just like the garage owner and the builder, should be integrated into the community of a news site as news suppliers. It is clear that there will continue to be initiatives in the local online business that are driven on the one hand by dissatisfaction with local reporting in the existing media or, on the other hand, are attracted by the advertising money of local businesses that is still lying idle for the online business. A breakthrough can only be expected when usage habits have fundamentally changed on a broad basis, for example when commuter newspapers have been replaced by tablets and a new, internet-savvy generation has taken the helm in traditional businesses. In the coming years, it will be exciting to see how such solutions form and establish themselves at home and abroad and how they will learn from each other and diverge. Because the options are broad: In terms of sponsorship and funding (many small patrons or a few potent investors), technical infrastructure (proprietary or open source), content production (professional editors or volunteer curators) and ad sales (profiles or self-sales) anyway.
Christoph J. Walther