WW: Contrast Film hosted a kick-off event at the Zurich Stadthaus to attract private sponsors and investors for a feature film. What was the reaction to this idea?
Ivan Madeo: Positive across the board. But as much as that may make you happy, compliments don't make a movie.
What is the point of this campaign?
We are hoping for two things. Firstly, that we can gain the interest of as many people as possible for the practically unknown story of "The Circle". This is to show the importance and urgency of the film to the last film offices that still have to make their funding commitments in the summer. Secondly, that we collect as many donations as possible so that we can make a financial statement to these offices.
Are there already successful role models for such a financing model?
Our financing model is largely classic, with an atypical addition in the PR and sponsorship area. In recent years, film financing has become more creative. Crowdfunding platforms on the web, but also new event opportunities such as fundraising exhibitions, fundraising concerts and the launch of literary supplements to films are being used to finance projects. And you have to. On the one hand, because the funding available does not increase in line with the quantity of films released, meaning that the battle for the same "pot" has become greater. On the other hand, because today's production needs, i.e. the pace of work or the internationalization of projects, have overtaken the traditional Swiss financing system.
"The Circle" tells a true story. How did you discover it?
I met Röbi Rapp and Ernst Ostertag by chance around five years ago. When I heard about their commitment in the district at the time, but also about the absurd police repression of homosexuals in Zurich in the 1960s, I knew straight away that this was material for the big screen. It's crazy to think that here in Zurich, right on our doorstep, such a systematic gay-bashing took place less than 50 years ago. Not only tolerated by the city, but even initiated: legally groundless bans, threats, raids, persecutions, interrogations, registrations and arrests. And it's even crazier that almost nobody knows about it today. The story absolutely had to be told.
How long have you been pregnant with the idea?
As soon as I had told Urs Frey, my current film partner at Contrast Film, about the circle and Röbi and Ernst, we started working on an initial synopsis and then on a treatment. Over the last five years, around 20 versions of the script have been written - partly due to the complicated film funding system.
Five years of work on the book: What stumbling blocks had to be avoided in the course of development?
The most difficult part was finding the right form of production and financing. At first, the film was conceived as a major international co-production with Germany, and for a while even as a tripartite with Austria. For the sake of the German funding agencies and co-producers, several versions were then written that placed the German strand of the smuggling stories of the forbidden Kreis booklets in the foreground. But Germany didn't have a penny to spare for our story. So we had to consider purely national financing and make the film more affordable accordingly. In consultation with the Swiss film funding agencies, we agreed on the docufiction genre - which in retrospect also turned out to be a great dramaturgical benefit for our film.
You are both producer and author: how did this unusual division of roles come about?
It's not that unusual. There are some authors and directors who produce their films themselves. Especially in the documentary film sector. You also see "creative producers" more and more often at international producer meetings and film festivals. Bernd Eichinger was a very prominent example of this. And here in Switzerland, I'm thinking of the filmmaker Samir. In our case, we initially simply wanted to research the story of "The Circle", which was based on true events, and write it as a screenplay. When the screenplay awards and grants followed, it was clear that we didn't want to let the valuable book out of our hands and leave the filming to other producers.
Who has supported the project so far?
Ideally most of all Röbi Rapp and Ernst Ostertag, who are among the last contemporary witnesses of the circle. The two were heavily involved in the organization and also got to know and love each other there. They helped us to reconstruct the whole story. We received financial support for the development from all the major Swiss film funding bodies: the Federal Office of Culture FOC, Swiss Television SRF, the Zurich Film Foundation, the Société Suisse des Auteurs SSA, Suissimage and several private foundations.
Why doesn't Ivan Madeo use his experience to direct the film himself?
I tried it at the beginning, during my studies. Sure, who wouldn't want to do that. But after the first rather embarrassing short films, I realized that I'd rather leave directing to people who have a greater talent for it. I'm more useful when I'm writing and producing.
What were your previous successes in the film sector?
Contrast's previous films have had very different results. With our last short film "Down this Road", directed by Vinz Feller, we made one of the most successful Swiss short films of 2011. The film was screened at almost 90 international festivals around the world and won several awards. Urs Frey's documentary "Child's Dream - Zwei Banker auf Sinnsuche" will be released in a few months.
What are your hopes for the movie "The Circle"?
The Circle" is about a dark chapter in the history of our country, similar to the highly acclaimed movie "Der Verdingbub". I therefore hope that our project will generate similar media interest in this almost forgotten scandal.
You also work as a copywriter at Euro RSCG Zurich: How is the job in an advertising agency compatible with screenwriting?
If you can freely choose the workload in your advertising job, it's very compatible. But that's very rarely the case. Otherwise, I generally find the balance very inspiring and stimulating.
What have you learned from advertising for the design of a movie?
I am convinced that Swiss filmmaking today can benefit greatly from the professionalism and speed of advertising. I remember that we were able to make a much better impression at our first film presentations than the established producers because Urs and I simply have more experience in communicating and selling ideas. In addition, making commercials on a regular basis gives you a much greater routine in developing and realizing stories than releasing a feature film or documentary every three years. On the other hand, advertising benefits from the passion and talent that can be found in non-commercial filmmaking. That's why many Swiss authors, directors, cameramen, music composers and technicians work in both sectors.
Why do many copywriters want to leave behind something literary or, in this case, cinematic?
This is an age-old and difficult question. Why does every art director want to have their own photo or art exhibition? Why does every copywriter have scraps of ideas for a novel in their drawer? The love-hate relationship between art and advertising is as old as the two disciplines themselves. And after many years of creating ephemeral and often futile messages, it is nothing but legitimate to at least once consider the question of whether there might be something more substantial. Regardless of how successful or "legendary" the advertising campaigns are that you have created.
Interview: Andreas Panzeri
The Movie
Zurich, 1958: shy teacher Ernst Ostertag falls madly in love with variety artist Röbi Rapp - and has to choose between a middle-class existence and a commitment to homosexuality. Ernst Ostertag becomes a member of the Swiss organization "Der Kreis" and experiences the heyday and demise of this unique European pioneer of gay emancipation. Based on true events, the feature film depicts the struggle of two unequal men for love against the backdrop of a historically and politically interesting period in Swiss history. This story was unearthed by Ivan Madeo from Zurich and Urs Frey from Biel. In August 2007, the two advertisers and commissioned filmmakers received a grant of 25,000 francs at the Locarno International Film Festival to develop a screenplay for their idea. This money is awarded each year by the Swiss Society of Authors (SSA) to three promising feature film projects. Since then, the screenplay has received further funding totaling 100,000 francs. A nice sum, but it is put into perspective when you realize that three people have been working on the project for almost five years. Stefan Haupt has now joined the team as director. But making a movie is an uphill struggle, even if the crew and story have potential. The love story of Ernst Ostertag and Röbi Rapp is more than just a private romance. Their life together also reflects the background of a dazzling epoch in the city of Zurich that was previously only known to insiders. The Circle caused a worldwide sensation After an eventful development, ranging from members in the Cabaret Cornichon to a vote in 1938 on the impunity of homosexual acts between adults, the magazine "Der Kreis" was finally founded in 1943. This not only fought against the persecution of gays during the Hitler era, but later also provided decisive impetus for the founding of new homosexual organizations throughout Europe and even in the USA. There, for example, a "circle" was founded in California in 1950 that still exists today. Over 1000 men from these "circles" traveled to Zurich every year for the legendary ball events of the 1950s. These "world's largest such events" for homosexuals guaranteed the "Kreis" the necessary income to be able to report competently as a magazine on the cultural trends of the time. However, two murders of homosexuals by hustlers also took place at that time. This marked the beginning of a rapidly increasing agitation against this minority. The Zurich police operate in a gray area to force suspected homosexuals to register. The district is vilified as a meeting place for punters and hustlers. In 1960, the city issued a "dance ban for men". Large-scale raids are carried out in certain bars, restaurants and parks. These years of repression lasted until 1969. The planned film will portray this era in a docufiction. In the summer, various committees and the FDHA decide on the production budget. This amounts to around 1.8 million francs. Pan
Ivan Madeo
After completing a double degree in film journalism, Ivan Madeo worked in various creative departments of leading Swiss advertising agencies and realized numerous commissioned films. He still conceives and writes copy for Euro RSCG Switzerland. As a director and producer, he has created several documentaries and short films and has worked on a number of feature film and music video productions. Ivan Madeo has won several awards for both his advertising and film work.