Storytelling An alternate reality game is an information scavenger hunt. It is never clear whether you are in the fictional or real world.
These days, a clown is up to mischief in the US media. And it's not a funny contemporary, but one of the most evil kings of crime. We are talking about Joker, the greatest adversary of the comic hero Batman. Whether on billboards, in newspapers or on the Internet, the villain leaves his mark everywhere. It all began with a simple election poster in the metropolis of Los Angeles, on which a certain Harvey Dent is running for the post of district attorney. However, as soon as it went up, the poster was defaced. Harvey Dent's face resembled a clown's grimace. At the same time, the election poster appeared on the Internet and linked to mysterious websites, blurred videos on YouTube and strange image puzzles on the Internet.
The messages are not from a madman having fun with the comic figure, but are part of a nationwide viral marketing campaign by Warner Bros. for the new Batman film "The Dark Knight", which is expected to be released in cinemas in summer 2008. Instead of advertising the film via traditional channels, the film producers launched a so-called Alternate Reality Game (ARG for short). Behind the unusual name lies a clever advertising strategy that is extremely popular in the USA.
The emergence of a genreAn alternate reality game is a game that draws on various media and deliberately blurs the boundary between fictional events and real experiences. The Beast" is considered one of the first ARGs. When Warner Bros. promoted Steven Spielberg's science fiction film "AI" in 2001, the film's poster featured a tribute to a certain Jeannine Salla as the "Sentient Machine Therapist" alongside the usual names of the actors. But that was not all. Fans quickly noticed that the movie posters contained encrypted phone numbers. By picking up the phone, you were suddenly part of a huge multimedia scavenger hunt that kept tens of thousands of players around the world busy for weeks. "This was the beginning of a growing genre for telling stories in a new way," said Steve Peters recently on ORF, who developed the game together with the agency 42-Entertainment.
Spielberg's AI campaign was followed by a whole series of other net-based puzzles. This was followed by campaigns for the Microsoft video game Halo 2 and the mystery series Lost. The game developers were particularly creative for Halo 2. Instead of launching the game with a shaky trailer in the movie theater, potential Halo 2 video gamers were sent jars of honey. In the middle of the sticky mass was a hint that led to a website. From there, players were directed to phone booths around the world, which were called at a predetermined time. The tricky mystery surrounding Halo 2 was a topic of discussion in the media for weeks and lasted 16 weeks.
Use of resourcesThe driving force behind such a scavenger hunt is human curiosity, which is almost always tickled with a little insight into a big, well-kept secret. Game designers usually create a self-contained world on the web that is perhaps a hundred pages deep. There they place mysterious clues and tell enigmatic stories that can only be solved through extensive research. All kinds of media are used to create an ARG story: Photos on community sites like Flickr, clips on platforms like YouTube and audio files on iTunes. The clues are not only placed in the digital media, but also in the press in the form of fake newspaper ads or posters. The scavenger hunts are very diverse. For example, it has long since become standard practice to hide GPS data in puzzles.
For game designers such as Adrian Hon, who spoke about the development of alternate reality gaming at this year's Gamehotel conference in Zurich, such interactive scavenger hunts are becoming more important for the advertising industry because they turn the world into a playground. It usually doesn't take much. In principle, more can be achieved with a few pictures, an e-mail system and a good story than with elaborately produced films, a flash game or other "ballyhoo". The game designer from the London-based game agency Mind Candy developed the successful "Frozen Indigo Angel" campaign this year. The English radio station BBC 1 used it to draw attention to the "Radio 1 - Big Weekend Festival". Thousands of players tried to solve the mystery behind a certain Paul Denchfield, who left his mark on podcasts, blogs and forums. "ARGs create communities that solve problems collaboratively," says Adrian Hon. A big difference to conventional viral campaigns. While many companies flood video platforms such as YouTube with viral spots, in alternate reality games problems have to be solved that provide thrills and excitement for the participants. But what do companies gain if the target group diligently solves puzzles without learning anything about the product being promoted? Adrian Hon: "The campaigns get the product talked about." According to the game designer, this is often worth more today than an aggressive advertising campaign. Practically all major alternate reality games in the USA can look back on a successful campaign. For the Technology Review magazine of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), one thing is clear: "This is the future of gaming."
Christian Lüscher