"Problems shout, solutions whisper", writes David Bornstein. The publicist and columnist for the New York Times was instrumental in developing the concept of "solution journalism" in 2011, which is now on everyone's lips as "constructive" or "solution-oriented" journalism. What Bornstein meant: Because the problems are so loud, they drown out almost everything else in the traditional news media: Wars, crises, disasters everywhere you look. "That's just the way the world is," says the traditional journalist, and he's right. But the world is not just like that: every day there are also positive changes, social improvements, reforms that bring progress, small, everyday stories of success. But the media rarely report on them. Of course, this has to do with the traditional self-image of journalism, which consists of being the watchdog of society rather than its shaper. The noblest task of the media is to reveal "dirty secrets" and thus give society the opportunity to rectify grievances. This remains an indispensable task, but today's journalism would do well not to limit itself to this.
Bernd Ulrich from Die Zeit recently wrote in an essay about the current state of journalism: "It is not only evil that is disguised today, good is also concealed." That is why the media should make more of an effort to present the groundbreaking, to give hope space. David Bornstein writes that classic crisis journalism seems to him like a father who reproaches his child every morning for all its shortcomings and mistakes and believes that this will make it a better person. "But children need role models. And so does society."
Before I come back to the role of the media in society, I would like to look at things from the reader's perspective. Many readers today, especially young readers, are turning away from the traditional news media. According to surveys, one of the reasons they give for this is that they "can no longer stand the negativity of the news". Studies show that the dominance of negative reporting tends to make media users anxious, despondent and passive. Working through the classic hard news can be quite an exhausting, depressing affair in the long run.
Crises or cat pictures
Readers long for positivity. And a variety of new online media is giving it to them - in the form of cute cat pictures, funny videos and absurdities from the realm of so-called people. This feel-good fast food warms people up, yes. But there are better, more nutritious, more relevant things for news media.
Solution journalism, solution-oriented journalism, constructive journalism, impact journalism - there are now many names for reporting that focuses on solutions rather than problems. And from the New York Times to the Washington Post, the Huffington Post, Danish state television, Sparknews in Paris, the global Positive News to Zeit, Spiegel online and the Tages-Anzeiger, there are now also many media outlets that have gained experience with the concept. A year ago, Tages-Anzeiger took part in Impact Journalism Day for the first time under my leadership. On this day of action, newspapers present innovative solutions to social problems in a worldwide cooperation. This year, 47 leading newspapers from China to South America took part in the initiative, which was founded in Paris. In addition to the Tages-Anzeiger, the Tamedia titles Tribune de Genève and La Regione also took part from Switzerland. They presented 104 projects that improve the world, reaching 120 million readers and 22 million contacts on social media. In many countries, including Switzerland, the Twitter hashtag #ImpactJournalism was the number one trend that day. Readers' reactions to the campaign were overwhelming. Dozens wrote to us in letters and emails about their enthusiasm: "Finally something that inspires me, something that gives me hope." And: "It's great that the Tages-Anzeiger is doing something like this." There were also many reactions from the social entrepreneurs and non-profit organizations sector.
Good is well received
One consequence of this echo is that, on the initiative of Ashoka and the Right Livelihood Award, better known as the "Alternative Nobel Prize", a group of journalists and social entrepreneurs has formed in Zurich with the aim of creating a Swiss Internet platform that is independent of individual organizations and media. On the one hand, the media should be able to find interesting social innovations and projects and find out about the best practices of solution-oriented journalism, while on the other, social enterprises and foundations will have the opportunity to attract the attention of the media with their innovative projects. The Tages-Anzeiger, for its part, has made efforts in recent months to better anchor solution-oriented journalism in its everyday editorial work. The most visible result is the new weekly column "The Solution".
Constructive journalism is not only good for the image of a medium, but also commercially interesting. Studies from the USA show that articles that focus on solutions are read and commented on significantly more often than those that focus on problems, and they are even shared with friends four times as often. There is also evidence that loyalty to a medium increases when it inspires its readership. Young readers in particular no longer just want to be informed, they want to get involved and contribute themselves. They expect the new media world to treat them not just as readers, but as potential actors. They want to actively shape, not just suffer. So if it is not the readers' fault that the solutions in the media only whisper, is it perhaps the journalists' fault? The old industry maxim "Only bad news is good news" is still deeply rooted in the DNA of news journalism. Journalists are usually fixated on outrage, drama and scandal. Yet solution-oriented journalism would be particularly effective and interesting when it comes to problems that are well known.
I will give you three examples of how reports on new ideas, role models or inventions could change the perception of a problem. Firstly, poverty: instead of reporting again and again on the misery in American ghettos, you could report on a project that is currently being tested in various cities: Instead of giving parents more welfare to lift them out of poverty, you pay their children to go to school. The idea is based on the insight that children's success at school has a major impact on their families' future prospects. Secondly, corruption: Instead of going on and on about cases of bribery of football officials in all their ramifications, it might be worth asking how the International Olympic Committee actually got rid of most of its corruption worries and what world football's governing body could learn from this experience. Thirdly, disability: researchers in Austria have developed a tablet for the blind, from whose screen Braille appears as soon as the fingers swipe over a text - a project presented by the Tages-Anzeiger newspaper on Impact Journalism Day.
Journalism has creative power
My thesis is that journalism today should no longer be limited to describing and managing problems. It should seek, present and debate solutions to social problems with comparable commitment in order to become more relevant to its users again. Many say that the credibility of the media in society has suffered. That is true. One reason for this is that, in the opinion of the public, they are no longer doing enough to help shape the future of society. In order to help shape the future, however, they would have to embark on a search for social solutions and investigate which work and which do not. Bernd Ulrich wrote in Die Zeit that the media must find their way back to the "subversive power of confidence" if they want to do justice to the undivided truth and the needs of their readers again.
Margaret Thatcher and Angela Merkel are notorious for the phrase: "There is no alternative." No situation is more frustrating for citizens and readers than when there are no alternatives. Constructive journalism says: "There is an alternative" and talks about it. For media in upheaval and crisis, solution-oriented journalism can itself be a solution for the future.
Dominique Eigenmann, 47, is Germany correspondent for the Tages-Anzeiger. He was previously head of news at the newspaper for eight years.