Journalism: Hans Leyendecker, one of Germany’s most prominent investigative journalists, author of numerous books, and vice president of the Netzwerk Recherche association—which recently held its annual conference in Hamburg—expresses concern about the quality of journalism in an interview with *Werbewoche*.
WW: Mr. Leyendecker, what is the state of quality in the news media? Hans Leyendecker:
I believe that in the future, newspapers—and television as well—will have to compete in the market on the basis of quality. Every medium must meet a certain standard of quality. Even though a regional newspaper has a different area of expertise than an international newspaper, this applies to all of them. If they don’t conduct research or neglect it, they undermine their own quality and thereby become more vulnerable in the market. If you observe the media, could it be that good journalism has become a luxury? It depends on whether you’re looking at the world from the mountaintop or the valley floor. There is good journalism in various media, and there is very poor journalism. The economic crisis has led to further staff cuts in newsrooms, while at the same time dependence on advertisers has increased. That is the dilemma.
If there’s no money available for research, how can one even begin to explore topics in depth? I’m thinking, for example, of the Telekom wiretapping scandal. The details of the wiretapping cases are only visible in broad strokes. But it’s not clear exactly what really happened. Because a district attorney’s office is investigating, it hasn’t made things any easier for journalists, of course, since everyone cites the ongoing investigation. I don’t think anyone will have the staying power to get to the very bottom of this. It would be important to examine just how extensive this scandal really is and whether the initial reports might have been exaggerated.
How is journalistic work changing under the cost-cutting pressure mentioned above? Will “lean journalism” soon become the norm everywhere? There will be even more cost-cutting. Newspapers will face further crises. You can see how advertising revenue is declining, with job listings, classifieds, and real estate ads all migrating to the internet. This will lead to individual publishers going out of business. They’ll outsource even more and try to make journalism even cheaper. That’s very risky, though, as we’re seeing in the U.S. Anyone who does that runs the risk of losing their reputation. Because if you don’t maintain your quality, it means total ruin.
In the U.S., there’s a push to have investigative journalism sponsored by private donors. What does the future hold for Germany in this regard? Germans have a different relationship with sponsors and foundations than Americans do. I tend to believe that here, everyone is trying to establish something in their own field that will give them a better chance of success in the market. This is evident in the fact that those who can afford it—such as public broadcasters or individual newspapers—are forming editorial investigative teams. These teams are better able to gain an overview of the various topics and developments.
What specific examples come to mind? *Der Spiegel* is currently doing a good job of this. They bring together excellent writers and investigators to form small teams. This presents a great opportunity. ZDF also plans to have investigative teams process information within news desks.
How do they do that at the Süddeutsche Zeitung? We're doing it that way right now, too. We form teams from different departments that share a common level of knowledge. And then one person from a team of, say, three writes the story.
How do you assess the importance of online media, and what role do editors play in this context? Everyone says that online media has a bright future. But when I look at the reality of the situation, authors there have to juggle three jobs at once. In other words, there’s a huge gap between publishers’ stated commitment and the reality of the internet. The importance publishers attach to online isn’t reflected in how the editorial staff is treated.
How can well-researched stories still be funded in the future? I am opposed to any form of support that is publicly funded. I believe that publishers and broadcasters need to truly recognize their capabilities and take charge of their own funding.
How do good journalism and the market economy fit together, especially from an ethical perspective? There’s no contradiction here. Ethics and the market economy are, in fact, mutually dependent. The market economy doesn’t mean war. It means creating conditions under which people can work together for the common good. Stronger shoulders simply bear more. Without ethics, a market economy is nothing. We see this particularly clearly during economic crises. A company that disregards ethics runs the risk of losing much more.
Where will journalism be in five years? We can no longer think in such long-term terms. Will the advertising crisis worsen, or will it come to a standstill again? We don't know what next year will bring.
What would you like to see done to ensure that journalistic quality is maintained? In the field of feature reporting, I would like to see reporters gain a broader perspective and realize just how important research is. Feature stories are often dismissed as mere flowery writing. That has always been wrong. For every field, I would also like to see a critical mindset: For sports journalism, a more critical one. For business journalism, less dependence—preferably none at all. For the arts and culture section, may it not get carried away with trendy stories. And for political journalism, it should not allow itself to be co-opted by those in power.
Interview: Tanja C. Schuler