XML Applications The «Extensible" Metas language
»Markup Language" permeates the production processes of agencies, publishers,
prepress and printing companies, enables database publishing,
Information Services and Interactivity. XML is what is known as a meta- or
Supplementary language. It marks up electronic documents that contain structures
contains metadata (additional information) that, in general, pertains to the
to describe, store, find, and access content. As
Unlike other meta-languages, XML documents preserve the
logical structure of the content and allow for flexible customization
its presentation when the content is further processed. Thus,
Since content can be processed automatically, the
A subset XML schema is available that also allows XML documents to
«structurally safeguards.».
The XML recommendation, adopted by the W3C in 1998, complements SGML, a language developed by the
The U.S. military modified IBM's description language for technical
Documentation. Since the Internet language HTML, in its second
Its role as a metalanguage for SGML due to an insufficient number of markup elements
(markup options) for the document structure, XML was
was launched. Like XML, SGML also strictly separates the
Document content (text, images, graphics) from the document structure
(Title, subtitle, story, chapter, body text, table, image, graphic,
Legend, figure captions, artifacts, etc.) and the
Display format (e.g., browser-compatible), but SGML is far too complex for
convenient web programming. This unknowingly led to the
The foundation has been laid for XML to be used with any third-party
Launch an extensible markup language as a universally applicable format
could.
So-called "namespaces" help combat the chaos. As more and more purpose-specific markups from
Interest groups were formed; on the one hand,
various XML dialects, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, instances that have been documented multiple times
Markup names. To combat the chaos, «namespaces» are a good first step, which
Specify a standardized Internet resource for each markup. In the
Resources are specific XML vocabularies that are stored by
Interest groups and consortia as a separate, «XML-based”
»Standard" for the respective industry. Also
The printing industry, advertising agencies, and publishers use—in addition to «plain» XML
– several XML-based standards (see below). This is why
It is obvious that even today, the XML compatibility of
Administration and production workflow via the future
Ability to optimize the entire operational process
plays a role in the decision-making process: the agency’s internal and external networks, or the
graphics company that offers application- and platform-independent
Communication, customer data management, and media content. In the
The following sections provide a more detailed overview of the most relevant XML scenarios.
Structuring and Indexing
All Office word processing programs can handle structured text
generate, but not all of them have an XML processor.
Layout applications such as Adobe InDesign and QuarkXPress, all
Newspaper editorial and advertising systems (which today also
(have content database functionality) or even
Web design programs such as Adobe GoLive come with built-in
or gain XML capability through extensions, meaning they can be used together
along with the content and the corresponding XML file
Import/filter, edit, and export/embed
(Editor functionality) or create a new one (Author functionality).
During import, the XML document structure information ensures that the
Structured reconstruction of the content in any layout.
Added figures, tables, and even audio and video clips
are organized within the structure and enhance the XML export.
Every XML file begins with a reference to the specification, for example,.
, followed by the document structures. They
are structured in XML in a tree- or facet-like
stored in the directory, the index, specifically in the logical
Hierarchy of elements—from the title to the caption, in descending order
or on an equal footing. Each element is associated with a start and an
Framed by an end-«tag,» for example Advertising Week,
The framework is the «markup.» For example, the user can add tags
Describe a layout program's attributes in more detail. If necessary,
There are many more useful markups and comments that can be added
Include: the client's name and description, copyright, and
Author's fee, subject area and section, original and
Translation—basically, everything that helps you quickly find the content
and facilitates its proper management. Such metadata is generated in
a content management system when exporting and importing, for
Some of them are generated automatically, for example based on the first words in
a text or the frequency of terms. For photos, the
Users should assign keywords if they haven't already
«File Information» (see Photoshop).
The tags act as formatting instructions and only result in a
They make sense when they're in the right order. To that end
The XML processor generates a DTD (used by layout programs
(supported) or an even more precise XML schema. In
In cross-media scenarios, these «sets of rules»—which must be reconciled—ensure that
the consistent handling of elements when in the source and the
In the target application, the relevant elements have identical names and
so that they can be correctly assigned.
If the XML processor also has a parser module (e.g.,.
AltovaXML, available for free at www.altova.com/de/altovaxml.html),
it can «validate» XML data. Structural specifications confirmed in this way
can be checked later in the layout program to ensure they are correct. For example,
An error message appears if, for example, in the newspaper supplement for
the current weekly supermarket specials—for one of the items, the
The price was omitted or accidentally deleted.
Just as a PDF file is normalized for printing,
an XML file into a more user-friendly format (document pages)
be transformed. The XSLT processor handles this. The
The resulting XSL-FOs ensure correct rendering later on
(Rendering) of the content—whether as a brochure, form, or direct mail
Mailing, CD, or website.
Automated Database Publishing
XML allows content to be stored in a content management database
manage optimally and, as often as desired, identical or
Keep modified uses and marketing media-neutral. On
Based on the retained document structure, when importing the content, you can
in the various output media, all necessary
Formatting steps are largely automated.
Database-Driven Publishing on the Internet and in Print Media –
and, of course, «cross-media» as well—enables
Target audience orientation and customization of media products.
Personalization involves the digital printing of variable data
– page content that varies completely from copy to copy (e.g.,.
travel tips related to a booking, personalized labels, etc.) or
at least the page elements that change (e.g., address and salutation in Direct
Mailings). To do this, the XML information in the content databases
In order to be able to use it, the PODi adopted the XML-based standard
PPML. This personalization language, together with the content,
a data stream that is processed in the RIP of the digital printing press.
The RIP software acts as an XSL stylesheet processor and
ensures a consistent appearance of the elements in the layout
varying content.
Switzerland has a higher-than-average number of multilingual
Printed materials are produced. With XML, automatic versioning is,
«It's called »roundtripping"—no problem. A very popular method is the
QuarkXTension Easypress Atomik Roundtrip; Quark itself provides the XML
Plus XTensions. On the «outbound leg,» you must first select from a
The XML data for the finished layout is exported. This data is then used on the
«Return Trip» along with the positioning of the various
text versions in other languages into that copy of the layout
imported that was created for the respective language. When
Upon re-import, the DTD structure specifications are automatically assigned.
on the text translations. A prerequisite for success is that the
Translated titles, text passages, etc., in the word processor
be assigned the same document structures as the original text
have. When the hyphenation dictionaries are set correctly in each case,
Ultimately, all the different language versions of the layout are the same
Visual appearance.
This also applies to the layout of articles in magazines—especially when
is written directly into the layout—it makes sense to use a
export the XML data from the finished layout and each time use the
to reimport the latest content. This way,
the articles automatically in an identical format and with correct
Structure, without always using style sheets for every paragraph and subheading
to have to assign.
Adobe has incorporated XML compatibility into nearly its entire product line
implemented. In addition to XML authoring and editing tools in the above
XMP interfaces were set up for the programs mentioned, through which
RDF metadata can be created and edited. RDF allows for the
Presenting information via PDF and other electronic formats
Documents on the Internet and in content databases,
e.g., title, author, date modified, licenses, or availability, which
the subsequent handling of the content and metadata in
content management systems will become even more user-friendly. With Noxum Print
Dialog also offers a plug-in that allows you to
From merchandise management systems, catalogs in FrameMaker and
Advertising publications can be created in InDesign with a high degree of automation.
Quark is also working to expand its XML support. In XPress
Depending on the task at hand, an XTension for Roundtrip or Xport may be required
or an XSL transformation is required, but in the Digital Media System (DMS),
There's a lot to Dynamic Document Server (DDS) and Content Manager
XML support.
Working with XML data varies across the different
Database query languages at various levels of advancement. XML experts
prefer XML-native databases, particularly the Tamino XML Server
(www.SoftwareAG.com), compared to relational Oracle and
SQL databases, especially when it comes to web services (see that section).
In database publishing, however, the system built on top of it
Content management solution is more important.
Interactivity in Charts and Forms
Thanks to XML, it is possible to convert any vector graphics into SVG graphics,
i.e., converting interactive graphics for electronic media. Full
Adobe Illustrator, GoLive, and Corel, among others, support SVG
Draw. Using the mouse, the keyboard, or operating system events
actions such as animation, hyperlink activation, or image replacement
triggered. In Illustrator, you can also, in a single
Save multiple versions of an SVG graphic, such as different prices,
text in another language or any graphic elements. This allows you to
when managing versions of printed materials and websites, as well as
SVG graphics are included in the round-tripping scenario. Depending on
In the graphic, only the layers with the selected version will appear
the text and image elements needed at that moment. The result
can be checked in the SVG viewer.
With XDP, Adobe has developed an Acrobat extension that allows you to
electronic forms downloaded online, viewed offline in Adobe Reader
can be filled out and emailed back as a PDF. Since the
If form entries are also available in XML, they can be
automatically incorporate into any data processing.
XML Vocabularies for Agencies, Print Shops, and Publishers
In addition to the applications mentioned, the following were developed to prevent errors:
Communication and to facilitate the exchange of documents between
specific to these target groups or within a target group
XML vocabularies have been developed. For communication between
Aims at news agencies and multimedia content management systems
General NewsML. Section-specific enhancements include, among others:.
SportsML for sports scores and standings, or PGML for the input of
TV program guides. XBITS is designed for data exchange between
Intended for publishers, printing companies, and suppliers of paper and technical equipment.
And PRISM will, in particular, meet today's cross-media requirements
accommodates the reuse of content.
XML is not only suitable as a metadata format, but also as a
Command and container format for management processes. This is how XML is used via
Beyond JDF/JMF for tax, logging, and data exchange purposes
is used (more on this later). Also, some
Preflight software in PDF workflows exports its validation reports as XML files
. Advantages: XML is cross-platform in web browsers
can be visualized and embedded in the verified PDF documents,
preferably as an RDF attachment. The Swiss manufacturer of measuring instruments
GretagMacbeth packages XML-encoded color data in the CxF container and
This simplifies color communication in the production process. Its
German competitor Techkon manages the software that comes with the devices
Connect software: Measurement data and digital color swatches stored internally as
XML data that the user enters in any
Quality assurance applications (logs, reports, job tickets,
(MS Excel spreadsheets).
Syndication and Other Web Services
Newspaper and magazine publishers, as well as radio and TV stations
Today, they run news portals and online newspapers where they publish their
Share news as well. In addition to freely available, mostly short
The content included here provides further information and detailed
This article is available only upon payment. Interested parties can
either subscribe or use it sporadically on a pay-per-click basis.
This multiple sale of web server content, originally from
Photo agencies have coined the term «syndication.» Often,
Websites compiled that focus on a specific topic or a
should be assigned to a category and on which the content is listed in the order of the
Posts are—known as «weblogs» or «blogs» for short.
The news stories featured include not only «Breaking News,»,
Political and regional news, business and sports news,
Traffic updates and weather forecasts, as well as those related to
intended for meaningful reuse. For example, people appreciate it
Brokers and managers, when they view real-time stock market data on their laptops or
Have handheld computers available. The operators of the news sites
Some of them even benefit from comparable, but free,
Services provided by major institutions that issue a large number of reports every day
Publish figures, e.g., from governments, the UN and UNESCO, NASA and ESA, or
meteorological agencies. They post the news on a website to
Available for download, rather than sending them to millions of clients.
RSS readers for downloading and viewing feeds
Whether it's paid or free—the technology is the same. The
The benefits of system-independent content processing include
from XML. «XML feed,» «news feed,» and «RSS feed» (because, specifically,
(the RDF subformat RSS is used) are synonyms for this service.
You can export RSS feeds from layout programs and website editors.
Ideal for everything from setting up XML web services to communication
A software package like Altova XMLSpy works with all kinds of databases.
RSS readers are required to download and view the feeds,
including FeedBurner (for Windows) and Ranchero NetNewsWire (for Mac)
are quite popular. Anyone who downloads audio news via RSS feed
If you want to listen to (voice messages) in MP3 format, the following will help you
Apple's free software iTunes or Windows Media Player. From the
Downloading MP3 content to the Apple iPod handheld computer, for
The term «podcasting» comes from the fact that it was developed for iTunes.
XML is becoming even more prevalent in web services, such as the
Accessing mailboxes, distributing their contents, and accessing the
Servers handle the internal structure and the request-response procedures.
The latter also has implications for the printing industry. In
Prepress workflows communicate with production servers via
HTML browser interface, the front ends of imagesetters and
Digital printing presses that use the SOAP XML subset. SOAP has now
the much more complex architectures, such as CORBA, to a large extent
replaced. XML is an unassuming all-around genius. Anyone who has so far only
Anyone who has used it passively should actively explore the many possibilities
employ.
Dieter Kleeberg