Print cooperations appear to be a panacea in the struggle for survival of the regional press. The Basellandschaftliche Zeitung is cooperating with the Mittelland Zeitung, the Zürichsee newspapers are joining forces with the Zürcher Unterländer and the Zürcher Oberländer to form a joint cover section, and the rivals St. Galler Tagblatt and Thurgauer Zeitung want to work together editorially in future and help each other out with articles from certain regions. These are the latest collaborations in Switzerland's increasingly close-knit print landscape. The ongoing structural change with the emergence of the free press and the still uncertain significance of multimedia business models is causing irritation in the industry practically every month. And where there is cooperation, new constellations are created and the competitive situation changes.
When the two regional titles Thurgauer Zeitung (owned by 100% Tamedia) and St. Galler Tagblatt (owned by 70% of the NZZ Group), which had been in strong competition since 2000, announced that they were laying down their arms, those in power in Frauenfeld saw red. On the one hand, they regretted that the jobs of numerous "experienced editors" were at stake.
Above all, however, it was feared that the canton, which already had a weak center, would also be divided into two in terms of publishing by a territorial agreement: The west with the districts of Frauenfeld, Weinfelden, Münchwilen, Diessenhofen and Steckborn would belong to the TZ, while the east with Arbon, Kreuzlingen and Bischofszell would belong to the St. Galler Tagblatt.
Apparently, the parent companies in Zurich have since been able to largely allay these concerns. "We were pleased to see that our fears have not yet been realized," says Walter Hofstetter, Head of Information Services at the cantonal administration in Frauenfeld. But the mistrust has not been completely dispelled. The Thurgau executive still has the impression that the two papers will work even more closely together in the medium term. "What has happened now is possibly just the first step towards even greater cooperation to create a single newspaper for the entire canton," says Hofstetter.
In fact, industry experts believe that it would be possible to work even more closely together on a commercial level within the framework of an advertising combination between Tagblatt and TZ. According to Hofstetter, this aspect has not yet been considered in detail, as the focus so far has been on cooperation between the TZ and the Landbote in Winterthur, in which Tamedia holds a 20 percent stake. In fact, Tamedia needs a cost-effective solution for TZ, which was purchased at a cost of 60 million. It therefore makes sense to combine them in all directions.
Cooperation is synonymous with savings, which almost always means job cuts. When the MeierWaser printing company in Feuerthalen (Meier publishes the Schaffhauser Nachrichten) was merged into the new Huber Print AG in Frauenfeld at the beginning of the year, 71 employees lost their jobs.
Thurgau's higher-ups went one step further with their concerns about the cooperation between the two newspapers and their Zurich owners in the background: "For the cantonal government, such an approach by the NZZ Group and Tamedia would not be unobjectionable from a competition law perspective either," it was announced. However, as Walter Hofstetter confirms, no such clarifications have been made to date.
However, the question of whether the cooperation leads to a distortion of competition has remained unanswered ever since. "Cooperations are not necessarily anti-competitive," says Patrick Ducrey, Deputy Director of the Competition Commission. It becomes problematic when declared competitors are mutually antagonistic and also belong to different owners. In the case of Thurgau, however, the Competition Commission has not yet received any complaints. Ducrey confirms that competition law is applicable to cooperations such as the one in Thurgau. "However, it always remains to be examined on a case-by-case basis whether it leads to competitive harm for the advertisers and also for the readers," he says.
From a purely legal perspective, cooperations are models in which independent companies work together. For media law expert Franz A. Zölch, such models often lead to shareholdings or takeovers, which can sometimes lead to cartel-like structures. For example, the Competition Commission did not allow the Berner Zeitung to take a stake in the Thuner Tagblatt, the Berner Oberländer and the Oberländisches Volksblatt at the same time. This would have led to a dominant market position.
Frauenfeld apparently wants to wait and see how far the two Zurich publishing houses will go with their regional newspapers. Whether Thurgau will become a case for the competition authorities therefore remains open for the time being.
Close editorial officesWith the cooperation
St. Galler Tagblatt with the Thurgauer Zeitung, the Tagblatt plans to close its two editorial outposts in Weinfelden and Kreuzlingen. Conversely, the TZ intends to reduce the size of its editorial office in Amriswil. This will result in a reduction of around 10 editorial positions at the Tagblatt and 2 to 3 positions at the TZ. Missing content will be mutually supplemented by exchanging articles. René Worni