Journalism America's journalists are increasingly leaving their former dream job due to economic and technological constraints.
In early February, American freelancer Kiyoshi Martinez created the website AngryJournalist.com with the intention of giving those "underpaid, overworked, frustrated and sour media professionals the opportunity to vent their anger". Two weeks later, Martinez registered over 1,000 comments; after four weeks, 164 blogs had taken notice. Martinez, whose own career had taken him from freelance reporter to PR consultant, had stumbled upon a trend. The most frequently cited complaints related to short-sighted and cost-cutting bosses, overwork, poor pay and inadequate training. Fear of the InternetA survey conducted by the American Journalism Review (AJR) magazine provides evidence of the trend in figures: Two-thirds of all respondents there said that technological innovations and the Internet scare them and 50 percent said they know colleagues who have lost their jobs for this reason. 43 percent are not sure whether they will still be working as a newspaper journalist in five years' time. "Journalists are scared because their world has been turned upside down," says AJR editor-in-chief Rem Rieder. "Many entered the industry with the intention of making the world a better place and now find themselves in the position of being allowed to write a few paragraphs for the website." Another survey by the journalism school at Ball State University in Indiana found that 75 percent of respondents under the age of 34 said they intended to leave the industry or noted "don't know."
New statistics show that the newspaper industry is in a bad way, with circulation falling and sales collapsing. "Hardly any publisher has been able to make up for the losses with income from new media," says Craig Rosenbaum from the Newspaper Guild journalists' union in Chicago. In addition, the growth rates in online advertising of the major publishers are no longer showing the same growth as before. In the last quarter of last year, Gannett's online revenues only grew by 11 percent compared to the previous year. Two years earlier, growth was 56 percent. At the Washington Post, it was 11 percent compared to 43 percent.
Pressure from investorsIn addition, the flagships of journalism are also coming under increasing pressure: The New York Times is increasingly under fire from investors, is facing new competitive pressure from Rupert Murdoch's Wall Street Journal and has announced plans to lay off 100 employees from its newsroom, which has a total of 1,300 members. In April, a new showdown looms with a group of investors who want to pressure the Times to change its corporate structure in order to avert its revenue woes. Newspaper analyst John Morton describes last year as "momentous", but it merely set the stage for this year, in which "there will be even more turmoil".
Similar concerns are spreading at the Washington Post. "Of course, we have the same problems as the rest of the industry," says Peter Perl, Director of Editorial Training at the newspaper. "The mood in the newsroom is anxious. Some accept the challenge, others are afraid." The "Post" has gone through three job reduction phases since 2003, offering employees the opportunity to take voluntary early retirement. In the last round, 70 out of 150 employees accepted. "This solution is far more generous than a severance package," says Perl. "Our newspaper is in a better position than most other publishers, even though we are subject to the same economic constraints."
One trend that publishers are using to avert the crisis is the focus on so-called hyperlocal news, i.e. news from communities in which the meeting of a local association or an exhibition by a local artist is discussed. The Washington Post is also experimenting with this form on the website Loudoun.extra.com, which is run by a handful of "mobile journalists". Mojos, as they are also known, not only provide text and photos, but also videos and audio for all articles - another measure to speed up research and save money at the same time.
Projects like this, but also other technology-friendly methods such as database research or the involvement of readers as part of so-called citizen journalism, are the ideas with which the more hopeful proponents of the guild describe the beginning of a new journalistic era. Jan Schaffer, for example, editor of the "Journalism 2.0" guide and director of the Institute for Interactive Journalism, J-Lab, believes that the end times conjured up by many journalists are self-imposed. "I don't believe in a crisis," she says. "It's a crisis for those who don't want to adapt to the new realities." Technology can also be used to drive forward new investigative projects, such as the SunlightFoundation.com website, which provides interested citizens with background information on their members of Congress.
However, it remains to be seen whether such individual projects can remedy the poor mood among journalists. At the beginning of March, an employee of the Denver Post started a counter-blog to AngryJournalist.com entitled HappyJournalist.com. The number of comments after one week remained at a tired 74.
Gerti Schön, New York
Development of daily newspapers in the USA Year Number of newspapers Total circulation (in millions)
1997 1509 60,5
1998 1489 60,1
1999 1483 59,9
2000 1480 59,4
2001 1468 59,1
2002 1457 58,8
2003 1456 58,5
2004 1457 57,6
2005 1452 55,3
2006 1437 53,2
Source: Newspaper Association of America