In the U.S., the president becomes whoever can best exploit the media for their own benefit. And the campaign of Barack Obama, the Democratic Party candidate, was praised early on for its shrewdness in this regard. "Obama especially embraced the Internet from the get-go," says Sally Howald, a communications professor at Webster University in St. Louis, pointing out that he launched the website Fightthesmears.com as early as last year to counter the expected character assassination campaigns. "In this way, he immediately brought the rumor mill under control."
Through the early and targeted use of online media, Obama was already able to gain an advantage in the race against Hillary Clinton. In addition to Facebook.com, the social networking site MyBarackObama.com, where individual groups of Obama supporters such as environmentalists, Latinos or students can exchange information, occupies a prominent position in this. Most important, however, is the fundraising function of this and other Obama websites, which were already used at the beginning of his candidacy at the grassroots level to call on voters to donate not only large sums but also small amounts of around $50.
Almost legendary is a fundraising appeal last spring, when then-opponent Hillary Clinton loaned her campaign five million dollars from her personal fortune. Obama immediately turned to his supporters for help and was able to raise eight million dollars within 24 hours. Another important medium, popular especially among young voters, remains YouTube, where user-generated content such as the "I got a Crush on Obama" video appeared early on.
According to market observers, the use of text messaging is particularly effective. For example, a database of prospects is currently being created that will be texted immediately when the vice presidential candidate's choice is decided. "Text messaging is particularly effective in organizing campaigns and events," says George Haley, a marketing professor at New Haven University. "Often people volunteer for these campaigns and then don't do anything, and text messaging is how you make sure the volunteer actually shows up." Blogs are also picking up on Obama as a popular topic, leading Internet users online to enjoy talking about him. According to media research firm Nielsen, Obama was discussed in 0.75 percent of all online forums, compared with 0.39 percent for McCain.
But the increased media attention could potentially backfire for the political star. According to a new poll by the Pew Research Center polling institute in Washington, 48 percent of respondents expressed some Obama fatigue. Add to that the fact that many Americans feel they don't know very much about his strategy. "The Obama brand that so many in the media talk about doesn't really exist," believes Rob Frankel, branding expert and author of the marekting book "The Revenge of Brand X." "It has an image, but no real substance. People don't know what he stands for." Coupled with the accusation of so-called overexposure - that so much is said about him that a certain weariness sets in - this presents a tricky challenge for the newcomer. "It's a difficult combination" believes Haley. "On the one hand, the campaign has to make clear what his values are and what his strategy is, but on the other hand, you have to avoid at all costs creating an even greater dislike of Obama."
Regardless of who ultimately becomes president, another winner is already certain: the media. In the longest election campaign in history, in which the first commercials were already placed in December 2006, $800 million has been spent on political advertising so far. Per week, spending is at $23 million, an average of ten million more than four years ago. The reason for this is that candidates in the U.S. still spend the most money on TV ads, while the Internet is only marginally used for digital ads. Obama alone is spending five million as part of the Olympics, with McCain following suit with as much as six million. In addition, the Obama campaign is spending far more money in those states traditionally given to Republicans.
Gerti Schön, New York