Daniel Perrin on easing the relationship between journalism and PRFor the past year, Daniel Perrin has been head of the Professional Journalism and Corporate Communications course at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences in Winterthur. He heads the Professional Writing Research Unit at the Institute of Linguistics at the University of Bern and was head of copywriting at the Tages-Anzeiger. You coach critical journalists and now also train aspiring PR people at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur in the field of specialist journalism and corporate communications. As a linguist, where do you see the difference in dealing with the word?
Daniel Perrin: The UAS course in specialist journalism and corporate communications is all about this change of perspective. In corporate communications, the same content often has to be communicated as in journalism - but with different intentions. How these are reflected in the language is one of the topics of my research. The position of a writer or speaker leaves its mark on the language.
Can you specifically articulate such a difference?
Perrin: For example, in the use of quotes or in the evaluation of positions. Someone can say, "I am convinced that..." In corporate communications, this conviction is clearly announced. In journalism, one builds in distance: "X says he is convinced" instead of "X is convinced." In corporate communications, one argues on behalf of the employer. In journalism, one reports on behalf of the public. A journalist, when not commenting, keeps a low profile, tries to bring different actors on stage. The corporate communicator represents only one position, while the journalist simultaneously sets several positions against each other.
Wouldn't this also be an opportunity for the corporate communicator to critically accompany the company with different voices and opposing voices in order to be able to achieve more credibility?
Perrin: Corporate communications distinguishes between the internal and the external appearance. In an inward reflection, it is certainly the right way to take different positions. This can even be practiced. A corporate communicator has to be present at the decision-making process and be able to say "yes, but" there. That's the way to practice. But then the statement must be resolute, even if it is differentiated. Only one position will be communicated to the outside world.
Or the counter-arguments are already cleverly built in and invalidated...
Perrin: Built in, yes, but under its own position.
How is such knowledge now imparted at your course?
Perrin: The core of the class is about changing perspectives. In everything, whether we're writing online or for print, training radio or television forms, or practicing performances in front of an audience, we're constantly testing: How does corporate communications see this? How does journalism see it? To do this, we work in groups of about ten students. These are led in turn
of corporate communicators and journalists. Together with them, the group solves tasks, writes or designs a TV report. Then we look at the results together. How did corporate communicators solve the problem, and how did journalists? Where is the difference? We want to learn how the other perspective works, how the other position is understood and vice versa. We constantly perform this change of perspective, not to blur the perspective, but to delineate it more precisely.
Who decides to take this course? Journalists who want to change perspective?
Perrin: Our postgraduate program will be aimed at people who have changed over to the traditional way of doing things. It is now being set up and will start in the spring or fall of 2002, but we already offer a three-year main course of study. This full-time course is aimed at people who are entering communications professions from the start and who see an eventful career ahead of them that they want to embark on consciously. Most of these students have had their first brief professional experience and are between 20 and 26 years old.
Your institute is a university. What about the study costs?
Perrin: The course is approved by the Federal Council and is supported and controlled by it. In return, we receive a contribution per student so that the course does not cost more for the individual than any other university course, i.e. 500 francs per semester.
In the current boom for media professions, you should have many applicants. What criteria are used for the entrance exams?
Perrin: For the start next fall, we have 580 interested parties. I would like to take 60 of them. After the first year, there will be a pre-degree exam. That's happening right now with the people from the first course. There, a project has to convince in practice and show that the students are able to express complex thoughts simply and clearly. In this exam, the 60 are reduced to 40. I don't want to bring more students to the job market in the first years, because I still want to know all of them personally. With the quality of these people, I want to ensure that the new level of education at the university of applied sciences is really appreciated in practice.
Similar to an acting academy, you also test a certain charisma when communicating in your entrance test. Is that a consequence of the electronic media, that today more value is placed on how someone appears? In the past, even completely reclusive writers from the background did very good PR.
Perrin: We test appearance and intelligence when communicating. For me, the core of the profession is critical thinking and the ability to recognize a message even in complex structures. What is the main message? What is meant behind it? Being telegenic is not the conditio sine qua non of a communicator. But even the copywriter of a news story has to be able to talk to people while researching and to present his ideas to a counterpart.
It's noticeable that there are now many women in a wide variety of management positions in corporate communications. Is that also reflected in the percentage distribution of applications?
Perrin: Three-fifths are women, two-fifths are men.
Is there an explanation for this, such as that women, as the bearers of often bad news, make it more bearable because they seem more sympathetic?
Perrin: The young people coming into the program now certainly don't think about it that way. That's an old role cliché. In day-to-day professional practice, however, you can see that there are conspicuously many women working on various fronts with direct customer contact. Women may not be more communicative. But many women act differently in communication. They can deal with their emotions in a more relaxed way. Relaxed doesn't mean simply giving free rein to emotions, but rather depositing them in the right place in measured doses instead of suppressing them and then getting rid of them in the wrong place.
In your book "Writing Coaching" you offer interesting exercises for planning, writing and revising a text. But isn't that like playing the piano: You can practice techniques, but you can only play really winningly if you have the necessary talent?
Perrin: It's always a combination of talent and training. This is just as true for surgeons as it is for cab drivers. Aptitude and inclination combined with optimal promotion and demand. Talent must be there. But then comparisons can be made: How do others do it? Why does the communicator take off his jacket at this particular sentence in a conversation? Is he doing it on purpose? Are there rules that these people are not aware of? But they have an effect on me without my knowing it? What is going on at the level of body language? This knowledge can be refined. If the talent is there, then it needs the right training. Then it goes much more efficiently.
On the website www.schreibcoa ching.com, one can read that you give courses in a wide variety of industries. Have copywriters been among them, and what can you learn from them in the specific use of language?
Perrin: If someone can create good advertising copy, that person brings something very important to the table: the ability to recognize the core. It's an art to recognize what's special in a boring product that's already been around twelve times and to hit those characteristics with concise language. I see a deficit when it comes to arguing logically in longer texts. These are two different working models. The charisma of language and the solid work of thinking. You can't plan the good idea - but I can analyze and train the logical argumentation.
Why do most copywriters work best under pressure? Is there a linguistic explanation for this?
Perrin: Yes, for the same reason that most people run fastest under pressure. When a dog is chasing me, I just run faster. Something happens in the brain when you're under pressure or in the final sprint. There's something exhilarating about that. It opens the floodgates in the mind.
What made you decide to pursue a career in science instead of becoming a journalist?
Perrin: I like to write a lot, for example scientific publications or specialist books. But I prefer to write about a topic that I've been able to deal with thoroughly and about which I have something to say. Or then just very lightly, as with chat. What I no longer enjoy doing is writing and researching for the day. Editing, on the other hand, is fun for me. For example, online news, like now at the Tages-Anzeiger.
There will certainly be many more books written on this topic. But already in advance: What are the most important rules when writing for online media?
Perrin: (laughs) I'm actually already writing a book on the subject. In it, I distinguish between e-mail writing and online message writing. The spontaneous quick responses in chat forums change writing very significantly. The flow of language becomes different, uncomplicated and almost chatty. E-mail traffic, which is somewhat replacing the telephone, also means that people are now writing again who didn't write at all ten years ago. This contradicts all the cultural pessimists who have said that writing is being lost with the new media.
Have you found this to be the case in your professional practice?
Perrin: Large companies such as insurance companies and banks have courses organized at our university of applied sciences in which their executives have to learn how to run a
Email. This
Directors used to only dictate. Now they write again themselves and get coached in it.
Online news is another form. Where do you see a need for action here?
Perrin: With these short messages, we have the problem that they still have to be understandable in a very reader-unfriendly environment with pixelated type and a lot of distractions around the text. This form of communication is a challenge. After all, now I have to be able to say the essentials in three short paragraphs. Here I would like to demand with Carl Popper: "Whoever cannot write clearly and simply, should remain silent and continue working until he can say it clearly and simply!" That can be trained. It's an exciting process. Namely, now we can network texts the way our brains have been doing it for a long time. The idea of hypertext is very close to human thinking.
Back to corporate communications. At the moment, various Swiss companies are having to communicate at high pressure because some of them are in crisis. What do you notice about this?
Perrin: It's always awkward when the media uncover something and corporate communications has to react to it. That is always the more thankless option. Credible corporate communications are those that provide information quickly and openly.
In today's market, what is enticing many journalists to switch?
Perrin: It works the same way in the other direction. At the Tages-Anzeiger, as at the NZZ, I know enough people who came from corporate communications and now work as journalists. The communications job market is changing very quickly and attracts curious people. I think it's exciting to get to know other sides as well, if possible. You also start to realize: there's not a good side and a bad side, not cops and robbers. So you don't change the front, but you change the perspective. And this change of perspective is now slowly being de-tabooed. Because the information has to be more and more transparent, both sides should know what the other is doing. I'm noticing a de-tabooing, and it's clear that curious people want to move and develop in the job market.
But won't this also dilute the newspapers' profiles?
Perrin: On the contrary. If someone knows both sides, he also knows the mechanisms and can deal with them. Changing perspectives doesn't mean diluting perspectives, but delimiting perspectives and clarifying positions. Interview: Andreas Panzeri
Daniel Perrin
BORN
October 6, 1961
RESIDENCE
Männedorf
CIVIL STATE
married to Christine Albrecht, two children
WERDEGANG
After graduating from high school, journalist at Radio DRS. Specialist journalist for various newspapers, Der Bund, Die Zeit. In a first study part-time secondary school teacher, then doctorate in linguistics and media science. Director of Studies at MAZ and lecturer at journalism schools in Germany.
Writing coaching for media and companies. Head of copywriting at Tages-Anzeiger until 2000 and still there today with a mandate as copy coach. Since then, head of school at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur (ZHW) for specialist journalism and corporate communications.
VOCATIONAL DREAM
"The fulfillment of a long wish was to be able to offer media education as a recognized professional training. We have now achieved this at the ZHW. My next goals will be to launch further courses at the school and to complete my post-doctoral thesis at the University of Bern.
WORKING STYLE
"I always need a 'home' to work from as well as a window next to it in the
research or in practice. But it's important to me to have a clear focus of work, a main project."
WHAT WOULD ATTRACT HIM TO THE JOB AS SWISSAIR'S HEAD OF COMMUNICATIONS?
"The build from scratch."
WHY DOES EXPO.02 HAVE PROBLEMS WITH COMMUNICATION?
"Multiple blatant incidents in a row are no longer a corporate communications problem, they're a corporate problem."