Press distribution In Germany, publishing houses are now passing on some of their losses to the intermediate trade. In the current year alone, wholesalers are forgoing 26 million euros in revenue, and this figure is set to rise. As German publishers' sales continue to plummet, German press wholesalers are having to accept hefty margin cuts. Negotiations in this respect are always fraught with conflict - after all, a lot of money is at stake. In principle, even the existence of the German press distribution system, which essentially consists of area-wide supply by regional monopolists, is at stake.
After months of bickering, the expired contracts between the publishers and Grosso have now been renewed. A happy ending - at least for the publishers. Because the wholesalers will have to tighten their belts considerably over the next five years. In the current year alone, the press wholesalers are cutting 26 million euros. This is money that the more or less ailing publishers can now use to compensate for part of their lost advertising business.
Rabid methods
Hamburg-based Axel Springer Verlag (ASV) is one of the big winners in the margin battle. Instead of the previous 13.3 percent, wholesalers will only receive a discount of 10.6 percent from January onwards. The discount scale will increase by 0.2 percent annually during the term of the contract (until the end of 2008). Nevertheless, insiders estimate that the new Grosso contract will save Germany's highest-selling publishing house a whopping 5.5 million euros this year alone. In the case of Bild, however, the wholesalers are also hoping for additional sales as a result of the price increase from 40 to 50 cents, which will be successively implemented in the western part of Germany by May. The agreement process was difficult, but ultimately constructive, explains a visibly satisfied Rudolf Knepper from the ASV board.
In addition to Springer (newspapers), the Bauer publishing group (magazines) has also been the second leading negotiator, persistently and vigorously tightening the price screws. The industry service Medien aktuell even speaks of "the biggest discount tug-of-war of all time". As the disputes dragged on for months, Bauer even cut its margins unilaterally in the meantime. The Hamburg-based magazine multinational (TV Movie, Bravo, Neue Revue) responded to protests and invoice cuts with harsh warnings. "A lot of china has been smashed," according to negotiating circles.
"Yes, the talks about the new conditions were conducted with an unprecedented relentlessness," confirms Gerd Kapp, Managing Director of the Cologne-based Federal Association of German Book, Newspaper and Magazine Wholesalers. Ways must now be found to cope with the high losses. The Grosso managing director is therefore announcing the "discontinuation of certain services" to publishers. Kapp is not yet willing or able to specify exactly what this means. One thing is certain: Grosso has so far provided publishers with regular, up-to-date and, above all, extremely precise market data. Bauer & Co. have almost real-time access to sales quotas via the data systems of the wholesalers - when and where which magazine is sold in stores across Germany. "Wholesalers are important partners, especially in the strategic area," says Lutz Zimmermann from Milchstrasse-Verlag in Hamburg. So it remains to be seen what new fee regulations publishers will soon be faced with.
Back together again
80 Grosso companies currently supply just under 117,000 points of sale in the German market, and the trend is downwards. Three years ago, there were 91 wholesalers with around 200,000 sales outlets (see box "Grosso"). As a consequence of the new discount rules, not only the association of wholesalers is expecting further mergers and cooperations. "The severe slump in advertising and circulation in recent years has also forced us to make many compromises," the publishing bosses have so far countered. Now they are suddenly saying in unison that "we can only master the future together". Bauer announced that it would work with Grosso to "tap into the existing sales and revenue potential for publishers and wholesalers". And according to reports, Springer wants to set up a working group to optimize quality and performance in press distribution.
Joining forces to get even closer to the customer. Not an easy task. According to Ludwig von Jagow from the Association of German Magazine Publishers (VDZ), Germany still holds a leading position in Europe with a retailer density of 1.4 leading stores per 1,000 inhabitants. But perhaps Aldi, Lidl & Co. can help. The discounters have been the model students in the ailing German retail trade for years. The only thing you can't buy from them so far is reading. The reasons: Margins too low, personnel costs too high, costly accounting.
This is now set to change. Springer, together with Grosso, has concluded an agreement with the Tengelmann subsidiary Plus. According to this agreement, the Bild newspaper will be available in special containers at the checkouts of the 2,500 Plus stores from the beginning of May. A second foray into the low-cost realm is currently being launched from a press container in the Aldi parking lot in Neu-Wulmstorf (see box "Aldi").
The German system of so-called "everywhere availability" of press products has therefore survived its most difficult test to date. A hearing before the Committee for Culture and Media of the German Bundestag also came to this pleasing conclusion. The structure and fulfillment of the Presse-Grosso's tasks met with recognition and approval in Berlin. A spokesperson for the Association of German Magazine Publishers (VDZ) then declared that there were no efforts on the part of publishers to buy up Grosso operations - thus indirectly confirming the independence of this distribution system. Jörg Laskowski, Managing Director of the Federal Association of German Newspaper Publishers, also assured: "There is no reason whatsoever to interfere in this functioning economic cycle." The only thing missing for perfect happiness is an upturn in circulation and advertising business.
The press container next to the highly frequented German retailer Aldi is intended to help cushion the advertising misery.
Magazines from the Aldi containerIn their search for new sales opportunities, publishers and wholesalers have landed at Aldi and other discounters: In Neu-Wulmstorf near Hamburg, Germany's first press container is located in a parking lot in front of Aldi. The publishing houses Heinrich Bauer, Axel Springer and Gruner+Jahr are behind the pilot project. They offer around 130 magazines there. The official operator is Bauer's own wholesaler Verlagsvertriebs KG (VKG). After a difficult start-up phase, the project is considered a success internally. VKG manager Jens Wegener speaks of "a system that generates good sales".
Accordingly, four more test locations are planned for this year. On May 6, the second press container will open its doors in a Lidl parking lot near Kassel (Hessisch-Lichtenau). This time there will be 150 magazines from six publishers (plus Burda, Spiegel and Milchstrasse) to choose from. With the kiosk container, Wegener wants to take into account the changed consumer behavior of the population: "The proximity to the discounters is very attractive due to their high customer frequency in these markets." (pe)
The German press wholesalersThe 80 German newspaper and magazine wholesalers achieved a turnover of 3.05 billion euros in 2002. Three years ago, this figure (calculated as selling prices to retailers excluding VAT) was 70 million euros higher. The current East-West ratio is interesting: only 447 million of last year's turnover was achieved in the new federal states.
The German Grosso has committed to nationwide distribution for all press products, therefore provides territorial monopolists and receives discounts from the publishers when purchasing. The publishers Bauer (for magazines) and Springer (for newspapers) play the main role in these negotiations. The products of these major publishers account for around 50 percent of sales. Gruner+Jahr and Burda are in second place. The rest follow far behind. Accordingly, there is an unwritten industry law: what the big two negotiate applies to everyone.
Thanks to its network, Grosso is now Germany's largest press seller with a market share of 52 percent. It is followed by station bookstores (the majority of which are owned by the Valora Group), book and magazine retailers, subscription sales and reading circles. Grosso currently supplies almost 117,000 sales outlets and sold almost 3.6 billion newspapers and magazines in 2002, around six percent less than in the previous year. The order assortment includes over 4000 titles. In contrast, the average range of newspapers and magazines on sale comprises around 1850 titles. (pe)
Peter Ehm